Courage Child Protection Audit Lesotho Courage Child Protection

Courage Child Protection Audit: Lesotho

Courage Child Protection Audit: Lesotho DEE BLACKIE

Courage Child Protection Audit: Lesotho Prioritised Disempowerment Areas weight DISEMPOWERMENT 1 Neglect & Non Delivery 3. 81 Action, Care & Delivery 2 Violence & Inequality 3. 73 Values & Belief Set 3 Hate, Anger & Resentment 3. 66 Love, Forgiveness & Empathy 4 No Direction & Addiction 3. 61 Leadership, Vision & Purpose 5 Ignorance & Corruption 3. 57 Knowledge & Accountability 6 Exploitation & lack of trust 3. 50 Partnership & mutual trust 7 Low self esteem & no responsibility 3. 39 High self esteem & responsibility DEE BLACKIE

ALL CHILDREN BELOW THE AGE OF 18 YEARS Number of children* • • In country? (% of total) In each province? (% of total) In each community? (% of total) By gender (% of total) Number of child births per year? Number of child deaths per year? − Prematurity? − Abandonment? − Illness? − Disease? − Neglect? − Abuse? − Suicide? Average child life expectancy? Who they are living with* • • • Birth mother and father? Birth mother only? Birth father only? Grandparent/s? Extended family? Legal guardian? On their own? − On the street? − In a home (Child Headed HH)? Wards of the state? − Institution/home? − Foster care? − Correctional facility? Permanent legal adoption? − Local vs international? What is their living environment* • • • Urban/Rural split? Living in poverty? (% of total) Social security support? Formal home vs Informal home? − Access to electricity? − Access to clean water? − Access to adequate sanitation? Access to a family environment? Access to a safe home/place to sleep? Access to adequate nutrition? Access to early childhood development? Access to adequate education? Access to health care services? Access to play/recreation? Child protection overview* Macro child protection challenges: • Registration & Citizenship? • Disease? − HIV/AIDS? − FASD? − Other? • Disability? − Premature birth? − Physical disability? − Mental disability? • Orphans? • Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors? Family related child protection challenges: • Informal (illegal) adoption? • Parent drug or alcohol abuse? • Psychological maltreatment: ridiculing, terrorizing, corrupting, denying love and affection? • Bullying (tangible & cyber)? • Isolation and internment? • Female circumcision? • Harmful male circumcision? • Virginity testing? (age/consent) • Child/Teen crisis pregnancy? DEE BLACKIE Criminal child protection challenges: • Late/illegal abortion? • Child abandonment? − Unsafe vs safe? • Child neglect? • Child living/working on street? • Physical abuse/ill-treatment? • Murder or Attempted murder • Corporal punishment? • Sexual abuse? • Child trafficking? • Child exploitation? • Child labour? • Child marriage? * Each metric should be assessed by age, living environment e. g. may want to compare urban vs rural.

Lesotho Child Protection Review • Number of Children: – In country: 1, 072, 974 children under the age of 18 (2011 -riatt-esa. org) – By province: See next page – In each community: Info not available – By gender: male 321, 017 female 318, 265 ages 0 -15 years (2014 -indexmundi. com) – Number of child births per year: 56 800 (2012 -UNICEF) – Number of child deaths per year: 100 000 under 5 years (2012 -UNICEF) – Respiratory Infections – Diarrhoea 12% (2012 -who. int) – Anaemia 49% (2012 -who. int) – Malnutrition 7% (2012 - who. int) – Other 24% (2012 -who. int) – Average child life expectancy: 48, 9 years (2012 -UNICEF) DEE BLACKIE

Graph showing the number of people in each district throughout Lesotho- 2011 6748 PDF doc DEE BLACKIE

Pie charts showing the percentage of deaths and causes in children ages 5 years and younger- 2012 who. int DEE BLACKIE

Lesotho Child Protection Review • Who the children live with: – Birth mother and father: 56% (2011 -epdc. org) – Birth mother only: 93000 children have lost one parent (2004 -mg. co. za) – Birth father only: 93000 children have lost one parent (2004 -mg. co. za) – Grandparent/s: 35% (2013 -6748 PDF doc) – Extended family: 16. 2% (2013 - 6748 PDF doc) – Legal guardian: info not available – On the street: In a home (Child Headed HH): 1857 orphans in child headed households (2013 -wiredspace. wits. ac. za) – Wards of the state? Info not available – Institution/home: info not available – Foster care: info not available – Correctional facility: info not available – Permanent legal adoption? Info not available – Local vs international? Info not available DEE BLACKIE

Pie graph showing the distribution of students by orphan status collected in a suvery- 2011 epdc. org DEE BLACKIE

Lesotho Child Protection Review • Living Environment: – Urban/Rural split: 28, 3% urban 72% rural (2012 -UNICEF) – Living in poverty: 43. 2% (2012 -. wfp. org) – Social security support: 700 000 families (2013 -southernafricatrust. org) – Formal home vs Informal home: info not available – Access to electricity: 11. 3% (2010 -academia. edu) – Access to clean water: 77. 7% (2011 -UNICEF) – Access to adequate sanitation: 26. 3% (2011 -UNICEF) • Family environment: – Access to a family environment: info not available – Access to a safe home/place to sleep: info not available – Access to adequate nutrition: 80% (2012 -wfp. org) – Access to early childhood development: 50 000 children (2005 -WFFC + 5 report doc) – Access to adequate education: 84% attend school (2013 -. osisa. org) – Access to health care services: 61. 5% (2014 -who. int) – Access to play/recreation: info not available DEE BLACKIE

Lesotho: Macro Child Protection Challenges • Registration & Citizenship: 45. 1% (2012 -UNICEF) • Disease: – HIV/AIDS: 28 000 children under 15 years (2013 -riatt-esa. org) – FASD: info not available – Other: info not available – Disability: 3. 7% of children (2013 -. osisa. org) – Premature birth: 7200 (2010 - who. int) – Physical disability: 3. 7% of the population living with some sort of disability (2013 african-decade. co. za) – Mental disability: 3. 7% of the population living with some sort of disability (2013 -african -decade. co. za) • Orphans: 362, 665 (2013 -riatt-esa. org) • Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors: 2 million illegal immigrants reported in 2010, adults and children (2010 -un. org) DEE BLACKIE

Lesotho: Family Child Protection Challenges • Informal (illegal) adoption: info not available • Parent drug or alcohol abuse: 8. 8% of parents either have an alcohol or drug addiction (2011 dspace. unza. zm) • Psychological maltreatment: info not available • Bullying (tangible & cyber): info not available • Isolation and internment : info not available • Female circumcision: info not available • Harmful male circumcision: 6. 1% (2007 -ncbi. nlm. nih. gov) • Virginity testing? (age/consent): ages 21 and below (2009 -topix. com) • Child/Teen crisis pregnancy: 13. 2% (2012 -UNICEF) DEE BLACKIE

Lesotho Criminal Child Protection Challenges • Late/illegal abortion: info not available • Child abandonment (Safe vs unsafe): info not available • Child neglect: info not available • Child living/working on street: 20% of orphaned children (2009 -gvnet. com) • Physical abuse/ill-treatment: 43% (2009 -iol. org) • Murder or Attempted murder: 21 reported cases (2014 -iol. co. za) • Corporal punishment: 5. 4% (2011 -aidstar-one. com) • Sexual abuse: 10 000 children reported (2011 -aidstar-one. com) • Child trafficking: 28 000 children throughout Africa, no specifics for Lesotho only (2009 -svri. org) • Child exploitation: info not available • Child labour: 22. 9% of children are working under 18 (2012 -UNICEF) • Child marriage: 18, 8% of children are married before 18 (2012 -UNICEF) DEE BLACKIE

dee@bobi. co. za www. couragechildprotection. com