COUNTRY TURKEY SLOWONSET HAZARDS DROUGHT YRD DO DR

COUNTRY : TURKEY SLOW-ONSET HAZARDS (DROUGHT) YRD. DOÇ. DR. NEHİR VAROL 1

MEMBERS OF THE GROUP - 3 Ø Nehir VAROL - TURKEY (Ph. D, Geological Eng. , Director of European Natural Disaster Training Center-AFEM, Permanent Correspondent of EUR-OPA) Ø Lyudmila SIMENOVA – BULGARIA (physısıstç chıef ınspector ın Cıvıl Protectıon Dırectorate General) Ø Trajko TODORCEVSKI – MACEDONIA (grad. eng. of forestry General Inspektor-Protectıon and Rescue Dırectorate) Ø Eduardo AMBROSII – MOLDOVIA (engınerıng department Cıvıl Protectıon and Emergency Sıtuatıon) 2

CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE 3. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TURKEY 4. PROGRESS IN DRR 5. DROUGHT RISK 6. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION STRATEGY FOR DROUGHT 3

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY Population: 71. 9 m (July 2008 est) Area: total: 780, 580 sq km, land: 770, 760 sq km, water: 9, 820 sq km Coastline: 8, 333 km Terrain: mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau Major Industries: Automotive, textiles, iron & steel, clothing, electrical machinery Major trading partners: Germany, Italy, France, UK 4

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE Main natural disasters according to their importance are: Ø Ø Ø Ø Earthquakes, Landslides, Floods, Rock falls, Fires, Snow Avalanches and Storms etc. 5

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE Earthquakes 1900 -2008 ü ü ü 182 damaging earthquakes, More than 100. 000 people died, More than 600. 000 dwelling units collapsed or heavily damaged. EARTHQUAKE ZONNING MAP 6

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE Floods- 1950 -2008 ü ü ü 2. 924 settlement area, 4. 067 flood incident, 29. 020 houses relocated by MPWS. 7

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE Rock Falls 1965 -2008 ü ü ü 1703 settlement area, 2. 956 rock falls 20. 836 houses relocated by MPWS, 6128 houses in 280 settlement areas secured from rock falling disaster by way of rock cleaning projects. 8

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE Snow avalanches 1942 -2008 ü ü 884 snow avalanches incident, 6. 308 houses relocated by MPWS, 9

COUNTRY VULNERABILITY AND RISK PROFILE Landslides- 1950 -2008 ü ü ü 5. 472 settlement area, 13. 494 landslide incident, 65. 759 houses relocated by MPWS. 10

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM LAW NO. 7269 Turkish National Assembly The Council of Ministers Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center National Disaster Coordination Committee Extraordinary State Coordination Committee General Directorate Disaster Affairs Turkish Republic Emergency General Directorate Office of Prime Minister Disaster Center Coordination Committee Civil Defense Turkish Red Crescent Diğer Bakanlık Kurum ve Other Ministry Kuruluşları Institution and Directorate Governer Disaster Administrative Porvince Legislation Administrative Unites County Rescue and Ministration Committe Emergency Aid Service Group County Civil Defence Management Turkish Red Crescent County Representative Ministry Unit of County Military Unit Reports, plans, maps Fund County Emergency Aid Plan 11

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM POST-DISASTER PRE-DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION *The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement *Housing Development Administration *The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement *Local Administration MITIGATION RECOVERY *The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement CRISIS MANAGEMENT CDGD Red Crescent Local Administration INTERVENTION CDGD Local Administration PREPAREDNESS 12

PROGRESS IN DRR Priority for action 1 Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. DRR system of Turkey is mainly centralized. Main governmental organizations dealing with disaster related issues. General Directorate of Disaster Affairs under Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, G. D. of Civil Defense under Ministry of Interior and Turkish Emergency Management G. D. under Prime Ministry are 13

PROGRESS IN DRR Priority for action 2 Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning National Seismic Zoning Map of Turkey. There is also maps showing the distribution of landslide, rockfall and snow-avalanche affected residential areas at national level. Active fault map Landslide inventory mapping National scaled forest fire susceptibility maps 14

PROGRESS IN DRR Early warning systems there are two national seismic observation systems in Turkey. 137 seismic stations and 231 strong motion instruments all around the country. State Meteorological. Organization G. D. has short and long term climate predictions and for some cases announces warning messages for flooding, severe weather conditions, meteorological hazards, extreme heat weather. 15

Early warning systems flood early warning and prediction systems The project is executed for river basins in Black Sea and Western Aegean regions. ü 206 automatic meteorological stations, ü 3 meteorological Doppler radar stations, ü 148 hydrometric data storage platforms and VSAT Telecommunication systems. 16

Early warning systems forest fires early warning Some forests in the Western parts of Turkey are being monitored by several on-line cameras and analyzed 24 hours basis. 17

Early warning systems Early Warning and Emergency Rapid Response, the project prepared by Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, has been realized. The agreement involving Turkish Republic and Credit Suisse First Boston in relation to Istanbul Earthquake Early Warning System and Rapid (Emergency) 18

PROGRESS IN DRR Priority for action 3 Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels Educational activities in order to achieve disaster resilience and awareness are being executed byseveral governmental bodies and academic units. ü ü GDDA (AFEM EUR-OPA Center) G. D. of Civil Defense, TEMAD and Local administrative bodies are the main governmental actors organizing public awareness campaigns to ensure disaster risk reduction. After two big earthquakes in 1999 Ministry of Education has changed school curricula radically with the help of universities. 19

PROGRESS IN DRR Priority for action 4 Reduce the underlying risk factors Turkey gives importance on the coordination of disaster risk reduction with environmental and natural resources policies. In all plans and programs, one of the key elements of the feasibility reports is the disaster risks of the area. Detailed geological and geotechnical reports and water/meteorological reports are necessary for final decision to avoid or to limit adverse impact of hazards. Climate chance issues are a new concept for Turkey on Disaster risk reduction subject and environment. The National Environmental Approximation Strategy was adopted by Higher Planning Council The Ministry of Environmental and Forestry (MEF) gives special importance on the adaptation of climate changes issues and they made substantial progress in strengthening the administrative and institutional capacity at central level. 20

PROGRESS IN DRR Priority for action 5 Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels Disaster preparedness capacity in terms of post-disaster response is mainly the one of the best successful area in Turkey. In this field (disaster response and rehabilitation) GD. of Civil Defense (GDCD), GDDA, TEMAD, Turkish Red Crescent and Turkish Armed Forces are the main actors. …. . also civilian volunteer SAR Teams. 21

DROUGHT 22

DROUGHT RISK 23

DROUGHT RISK 24

DROUGHT RISK intensive drought periods Ø 1804, Ø 1876 and Ø 1928 in 1876 more than 200, 000 people died because of famine and epidemic diseases. 25

DROUGHT RISK o Central Turkey, in particular, is at present facing a catastrophic drought following the hottest summer (2007). After a virtually rainless summer and climate change effects over the past decade, dozens of lakes have dried up, with severe consequences for local communities and wildlife. 26

DROUGHT RISK o Reduced levels of water (in the soil, in rivers, in dams, in lakes and in ground water reserves) can have destructive impacts such as decrease in agricultural production, weakening of poor groups and women in particular in rural areas, and rapid degradation of the rural environment. 27

VULNERABILITIES Vulnerability of societies to drought is affected by: ü ü ü ü population growth, urbanization, demographic features, technology, water use trends, governmental policies, social life and environmental 28

WHAT TURKEY DONE? Ø The key requirements for climate change adaptation in Turkey are stipulated in Turkey’s Ninth Development Plan (2007 -2013) (Paragraph 461), the Eastern Black Sea Regional Development Plan (2002) and various development strategies at the national and regional level. Ø Droughts in Turkey are increasingly recognized as an impending national crisis, and a ‘Drought Centre’ is being established by the Konya Soil and Water Resources Research Institute to improve drought predictions and to assist farmers in managing drought. 29

WHAT ARE THE SOLUTIONS FOR DROUGHT Ø Implementation of highly effective water conservation initiatives across all sectors will be required to adapt to the predicted changes in water supply. Ø Technological changes in irrigation and water distribution systems will also be required. In this context, industry should apply appropriate environmental measures to assist in conservation of natural resources. 30

COUNTRY STRATEGY o Risk assesment for droughts is the first step for adoption of appropriate policy in the state o Prevention from droughts should be primary importance in DRR o Develepment and capaticy building for DRR should be top priorities for the all areas 31

1 Governance 2 Risk Identification Establish NP, Decentralisation of responsibilities and resources, improvement Community participation Improvement multi-hazard approach, further İmprovement of the coordination between R&S institutions in all level, Further improvement of early warning system for flood and monitoring system for drought HFA Priorities 3 Knowledge 4 Reduce Risk Factors 5 Preparedness Adopting the policy of self-protection in every vulnerable areas, Reinforsement of media for public awereness DRR strategies integrated with climate change adaptation, Reinforsement of critical infrastructure Improvement Voluntarism and participation, Development of risk assesment programs in contignency plans for DRR 32

MAINSTREAMING DRR INTO THE WORKING OF GOVERNMENT Improvement of the coopertion between enviromental, health, social support, insurence and risk transfer Improvement of the critical infrastructure and construction BUILDING DRR INTO DISASTER RECOVERY PLANS AND OPERATIONS The DRR policy should be implemented in all plans on the national, regional and local levels Enhancing safety and standards and integrating RR in reconstruction and development and other Improving living conditions of affected cominities and sectors 33

WHAT IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT FINDING OF YOUR GROUP ? ? ? Regarding our analysis R. T has adopted the HFA plan with ongoing implementation strategic goals and priorities for action as well the croos-cutting issues …. 34

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION…. 35