Country Presentation India By Monika Czikora Sebastian Demtrder
Country Presentation India By Monika Czikora & Sebastian Demtröder Let‘s talk about India
Economy (1) • Currency: Indian Rupee (IRP) • About 60 % of the work force are in the agricultural sector • Growing service sector (Bangalore area) Let‘s talk about India
Economy (2) • Exports: petroleum, textiles, jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather • Export partners: U. S. , U. A. E, China, U. K. • Imports: oil, machinery, chemicals, fertilizers • Import partners: China, U. S. Germany, Singapore Let‘s talk about India
Caste System • Castes are often confused with Brahmin classification system • Castes are assigned to one of four classes by government • Person’s caste is matter of lineage and cannot change • Parliament has technically power to reasign a caste to another class Let‘s talk about India
Caste System (2) • • Forward classes Backward classes Scheduled tribes • Today class does not define wealth • Backward and scheduled class & scheduled tribes can access affirmative action programms reserving jobs, scholarships and other benefits Let‘s talk about India
General Attitudes • • Religious Family orientated Philosophical Deeply respect Mahatma Gandhi and his ideals • Troubled by poverty and religious tensions Let‘s talk about India
Personal Appearance: Women Traditionally: • Saree • Hindu women have a red dot (Bindi) on forehead Modern • conservative dresses or pantsuits • Should always wear long pants Let‘s talk about India
Personal Appearance: Men Traditionally: • Dhoti for Hindu or Muslim men • Sikh men were turban and religious symbols Business: • Western-style suit and tie Let‘s talk about India
Customs & Courtesies (1) • Greeting: Namaste • Polite to use titles • Indians ask for permission before taking leave of others • Excessive hand gesticulation and whistling is seen as impolite • Winking is unladylike Let‘s talk about India
Customs & Courtesies (2) • It is impolite to say “no” • Indians do not wear shoes inside their home • Sharing food and drinks is not common • Hindus might object having food served from another caste’s Let‘s talk about India member
Family • Familiy is basic social unit of India • Middle and upper class: Younger family members are supported financially until end of education • Rural areas: most women work at home • Marriage is important Let‘s talk about India
Food • Depends on religion • All castes have different food laws • Hindus don’t eat beef, Muslims no pork • Many vegetarian (mostly Hindu) • Currys with are popular (eggs, fish, meat or vegetables in spicy sauce) Let‘s talk about India
Recreation • Favourite sports: cricket, soccer, field hockey • “Bollywood” motion pictures are very popular • Popular theatres in cities Let‘s talk about India
Arts • Sanskrit Poems • Architecture (religious temples, Taj Mahal) • Jewelry, textiles, pottery and painting Let‘s talk about India
Holidays • New Year’s Day • Republic Day (26 th Jan. ) • Independence Day (15 th Aug. ) • Mahatma Gandhi’s Birthday (2 nd Oct. ) • Numerous Hindu and Muslim holidays Let‘s talk about India
Education • Primary concern • Approx. 100 % primary school attendance • Approx. 20 % of all student graduate from secondary school • Approx. 10 % enter higher education Let‘s talk about India
Health • Health problems resulting from poverty, natural disasters, malnutrition and poor sanitation • Cholera, malaria, typhoid, polio and hepatitis in many rural areas Let‘s talk about India
Task 2 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Let‘s talk about India
Cultural Profile • • • PDI: 77 LTO: 61 MAS: 56 IDV: 50 UAI: 40 Let‘s talk about India
Cultural Profile (2) • PDI: high level of inequality in power and wealth distribution • LTO: Perseverant and parsimonious culture • UAI: more open to new and unstructured situations Let‘s talk about India
Cultural Profile (3) • IDV: ranking at 50, middle between individualism and collectivism; many collectivist aspects in society • MAS: sligthly higher than world average, high gap between men and women Let‘s talk about India
Task 3 How does Trompenaars classify India? Let‘s talk about India
Trompenaar‘s classification • Outer direct: - organization as product of nature - owning development to envoronment and ecological balance - fit yourself to an external force • Externally controlled – – – Controlled by nature Flexible attitude and compromise Harmony and responsiveness Focus on “other” Time is cyclical and shifts are “natural” Let‘s talk about India
Task 4 Historical Background of India Let‘s talk about India
Pre-colonial history • 3000 B. C. : first signs of civilization • 1500 B. C. : Aryans move to India, shifting the native Dravidian population south • 4 th – 6 th Century: Golden Age of Indian Culture; Muslim rule of India Let‘s talk about India
Colonial history • 1489: Arrival of the Portugese • 1760: Arrival of the British • 1858: India became British Colony Let‘s talk about India
Struggle for Independence • Since 1920‘s : Gandhi led non-violent resistance against British colonialism • 1930: Salt March • 15 August 1947: Independence from Great Britain Let‘s talk about India
Post-colonial History • Since 1947: conflict between India and Pakistan • 1948: Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi • 1990‘s: Assassination of Indira Ghandi, leading to conflict between government and Sikh movement • 1998: nuclear test explosions Let‘s talk about India
Influences of Historical Background • British Raj influences culture and society of India • Religious conflicts and seperatist movements • Indians acknowledge Gandhi’s ideals Let‘s talk about India
Task 5 How should we empathize with Indians? Let‘s talk about India
Empathize Do’s • Greeting: Namaste or shake hands • Avoid “no” Don’ts • Touch a women • gesticulating and whistling • Women: winking (unladylike) Let‘s talk about India
Task 6 What should we consider when managing by motivation? Let‘s talk about India
Management by Motivation • Management must help to develop and manifest them in their innate divinity and capabilities • Give motivation incentive to group • Money and statussymbols are welcome • Status, title, commendations, expensive office equipment, privilegs Let‘s talk about India
Task 7 Important Business Practices Let‘s talk about India
Business Practices: Do‘s • • Small talk & hospitality Avoid saying “no” Emphasize collective nature of a task Be flexible Keep open mind to Indian’s points of view Bargaining and negotiating is normal Get top of company for major decisions Let‘s talk about India
Business Practices: Don’ts • Discussing caste question and Kashmir conflict • Take sides in Hindu-Muslim conflict • Ideology when discussion is only about business • Humiliate Indians (“loss of face”) Let‘s talk about India
Task 8 Listening Habits and Audience Expectations Let‘s talk about India
Listening Habits & Audience Expectations • Key to attention is being eloquent, humble and respectful • Admiration of extensive vocabulary • Willing to listen to develope relationship • Indian English: old-fashioned, flowery and verbose • Sympathetic language showing respect and humility to listener • Generous in praise, reluctant in criticism Let‘s talk about India
Indian Communication Pattern Long, verbose social preamble Ask for other side’s view Agreement Re. Favorable, Dealing Some flexible seemingly modifications packaging usually reached reaction made proposed Let‘s talk about India
Task 9 Use of Humour, Wisecracks and Jokes Let‘s talk about India
Humour • Avoid sarcasm and irony in negotiations • Do not risk joking – Indians might take it seriously Let‘s talk about India
Task 10 Comparing India and Germany, where can behaviours result from? Let‘s talk about India
Historical background and behaviour Germany • Prussian virtues • Monotheism • Protestant value (Luther) India: • British colonialism • Polytheism / multiple religions • Gandhi’s ideals Let‘s talk about India
Task 11 What does the American manager conclude from the Indian computer manager’s behaviour? What causes the confusion? Let‘s talk about India
American manager’s conclusions • Passes task to Indian, expects that Indian colleague thinks for himself • No feedback from Indian: American thinks that Indian understood task • As the task is not performed the American manager is angry with the Indian Let‘s talk about India
Task 12 What does the Indian computer manager conclude from the American manager’s behaviour? What causes the confusion? Let‘s talk about India
Indian managers conclusion • Does not know why he has to do it • Says yes to keep harmony – “He is my superior. I better tell him what he wants to hear. ” • The Indian thinks he is not employed for the task passed by the American Let‘s talk about India
Task 13 Show the rest of the group the correct way of passing tasks to employees in India. Let‘s talk about India
Task 14 What might happen when training an Indian engineer in Germany on a new machine shortly being installed in India? Let‘s talk about India
Training an Indian • Stay calm, no pressure • Be patient and don’t expect previous experiences – May be result of nepotism • Detailed explanations Let‘s talk about India
Task 15 Are you in Germany outraged when told one thing and later find it is not true? Let‘s talk about India
Not telling the truth • Germans take things as meant as they were said – Example with Chinese students • Germans love facts and “flood” their business partners / colleagues with them while doing business / working Let‘s talk about India
Task 16 Are you in Germany very uncomfortable in ambiguous or unpredictable situations? Let‘s talk about India
Unpredictable Situations • Hofstede: Uncertainty Avoidance ranking at 70 – Higher ranking: try to avoid unexpected situations • An unpredictable situation in a process causes conflicts among members of a group having to deal with the problem as it might hinder reaching goals (Objectism) Let‘s talk about India
Thank you for your attention! Let‘s talk about India
Population Let‘s talk about India
Religion in India Let‘s talk about India
Cultural Profile: India Let‘s talk about India
Let‘s talk about India
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