COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS WHAT DOES COUNT MEAN

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

• WHAT DOES “COUNT” MEAN?

SINGULAR COUNTABLE COUNT UNCOUNTABLE PLURAL

COUNTABLE NOUNS A FORK TWO FORKS AN EGG FOUR EGGS A GLASS EIGHT GLASSES SINGULAR PLURAL

We can countable nouns. They have singular and plural forms.

COUNTABLE REGULAR COUNTABLE NOUNS “add an “s” or “es” to the end of the word” • Dog • Apple • Bus • City dogs apples buses cities IRREGULAR COUNTABLE NOUNS §knife §man §mouse §child §foot § tooth §person knives men mice children feet teeth people

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS BREAD MILK CAKE MEAT CHOCOLATE CHEESE

a carton of milk a piece of cake a slice of bread a litre of juice A bar of chocolate a kilo of meat a packet of sugar a can of coke A cup of coffee a bowl of cereal a loaf of bread a glass of tea

• We can NOT count uncountable nouns. • We can not use a, an, or numbers before uncountable nouns. • They have only singular forms so they always take singular verbs. (is, has etc. )

• MUCH • MANY • A LOT OF • A FEW • A LITTLE • SOME • ANY

*MUCH * There isn't much sugar in my tea. Is there much sugar in your tea? Ø We use "much" with uncountable nouns in negative sentences and questions.

*MANY * There aren't many cinemas in our city. Are there many cinemas ? Ø We use "many" with plural countable nouns in negative sentences and questions.

*A LOT OF* There a lot of apples There is a lot of snow outside. Ø We use "a lot of" with uncountable and plural countable nouns in affirmatives.

*A FEW* There a few cinemas in this city. v. We use "a few" with plural countable nouns. v. A few means not many but enough.

*A LITTLE* There is a little butter on my bread. v. We use a little with uncountable nouns. A little means not many but enough.

*SOME* • We can use some with both countable and uncountable nouns. • Sayılabilen isimlerle birlikte kullanıldığında birkaç, sayılamayan isimlerle kullanıldığında ise biraz anlamlarına gelir. v. There are some children in front of your house. v. There is some water in the bottle. v. Would you like some more orange juice? v. May I have some of your pens?

*ANY* We can use “ANY” with both countable and uncountable nouns. Sayılabilen isimlerle kullanıldığında her zaman çoğul, sayılamayan isimlerle kullanıldığında ise hep tekil olur. Any kelimesi yalnızca olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde kullanılır. v There aren't any students in the classroom. (Sınıfta hiç öğrenci yok. ) v Are there any cars in the garage? (Garajda hiç araba var mı? ) v Have you got any money in your purse? (Cüztdanında hiç para var mı? v Don't you eat any butter for breakfast? (Kahvaltıda hiç tereyağı yemez misin? )

HOW MUCH? HOW MANY?

• We use How much ……? in questions to ask about the amount. • "How much money have you got? " • We need some tea. How much do we need? • We use How many ……? in questions to ask about the number. • "How many cigarettes do you smoke a day? • "How many newspapers do you read every day? "