Cosmology 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics Istvn Horvth
Cosmology, 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics István Horváth ZMNE 11. Zimányi Winter School 1
„Astro” Nobel Prizes in Physics n 1936 Victor F. Hess, Carl D. Anderson n 1967 Hans A. Bethe n 1974 Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish n 1978 Kapitsa, Arno Penzias, Robert W. Wilson n 1983 S. Chandrasekhar, William A. Fowler n 1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor n 2002 R. Davis, M. Koshiba, R. Giacconi n 2006 John C. Mather, George F. Smoot 11. Zimányi Winter School 2
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Hubble 1923 11. Zimányi Winter School 6
Andromeda Galaxy 11. Zimányi Winter School 7
Hubble’s law (1929) 11. Zimányi Winter School 8
Hubble time and the age of the Universe n Hubble const. Hubble time H n km/s. Mpc n 50 n 65 n 70 n 75 n 100 n 500 n 11. Zimányi Winter School 1/H Gyr 19. 5 15 9. 8 2 Universe’s age 2/3 H Gyr 13. 04 10. 0 9. 3 8. 7 6. 52 1. 3 9
Expanding Universe 11. Zimányi Winter School 10
1948: Gamow and Alpher: Big Bang theory of the Universe Remaining radiation about 5 Kelvin. (now called CMB) Penzias and Wilson found it. Nobel Prize 1978! 11. Zimányi Winter School 11
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COBE (November 18, 1989) 11. Zimányi Winter School 15
April 23, 1992, 11. Zimányi Winter School 16
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Power Spectra 11. Zimányi Winter School 18
General Relativity, A. Einstein 1916 Einstein eq. Friedmann solutions 1922 11. Zimányi Winter School 19
Friedmann eq. deceleration parameter 11. Zimányi Winter School 20
Standard Cosmology. if k = 0 and Λ = 0 the critical density n radiation wi = 1/3 n nonrelativistic 11. Zimányi Winter School n matter wi = 0 21
Different Universe models 11. Zimányi Winter School 22
„History” I. n 1938 Walter Baade: SN as distant indicator n 1983 Nobel Prize n Chandrasekhar limit (1. 4 Solar mass) n Fowler nuclear reactions (SN Ia) n 80’ British-Danish 1. 5 m telescope n 2 high-z SN for two years, one is Ia z=0. 31 n For a good statistics, 200 years needed 11. Zimányi Winter School 23
Distant supernovae (HST NASA) 11. Zimányi Winter School 24
Ia supernova 11. Zimányi Winter School 25
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„History” II. n 1988 Saul Perlmutter (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) n Supernova Cosmology Project (first high z 1992) n 1993 Hamuy and Mark Phillips standardization n 1994 Schmidt and Robert Kirshner n High-z Supernova Search Team n „The HZT article is based on observations of 16 SNe Ia mainly analyzed by Adam Riess” 11. Zimányi Winter School 27
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Ia supernovae (Riess et al. ) 11. Zimányi Winter School 32
Ia supernovae (Riess et al. ) 11. Zimányi Winter School 33
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MTAZimányi 11. KTM Cs. KI Winter Szeminárium School 38
From I. Csabai. The SDSS team was asked.
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1990 Nature. 343. . 726 B pencil beam Large-scale distribution of galaxies at the Galactic poles Broadhurst, T. J. ; Ellis, R. S. ; Koo, D. C. ; Szalay, A. S. 11. Zimányi Winter School 41
1992 Ap&SS. 191. . 107 P Paal, G. ; Horvath, I. ; Lukacs, B. 11. Zimányi Winter School 42
Cosmological constant needed 11. Zimányi Winter School 43
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Thank you very much! 11. Zimányi Winter School 50
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