CORPUS LINGUISTICS Sinem Maden CITEI Corpus Vocabulary Corpus

CORPUS LINGUISTICS Sinem Maden CITE-I

• Corpus Vocabulary • Corpus Grammar

• Discover patterns of authentic language use through analysis of actual usage. • Usage patterns of the empirical data and what that reveals to us about language behaviour. • Language often behaves differently according to the register, each with some unique patterns and rules • Discover patterns of language use, the extent to which they are used, contextual factors that influence variability • Data from computer corpora • Word level, phrase level, sentence level, discourse level

• Word Level: use and function of morphological characteristics by analyzing distribution across registers (nominalization: civilization-civilize)

• Phrase Level: Use and function of grammatical classes by analyzing distribution across registers (noun vs. verbs)

• Sentence Level: Function of syntactic constructions by analyzing distribution across registers (that clause vs. to- clause)

• Discourse Level: Linguistic and non-linguistic features associated with the seemingly synonymous structures (that complement clauses) • We thought that you were coming. • That nothing happened turns out. (rare) • It turns out that nothing happened.

Corpus Grammar in Education • Syllabus design: what language items for target register • Materials development: exercises based on real life and need for students • Classroom activities: Students drawing their own conclusions about language use

Ex: How often “past perfect tense” is used in speaking versus writing / newspapers versus fiction

• Frequency and register help the teachers to plan the courses • What language items are linked to the target register • Students become more aware of language use (real contexts)

Ex: To hear him say that … + surprised me (less frequent) It surprised me + to hear him say that …

Ex: Range of questions about “any” according to grammar &helping the students to draw conclusions about its usage (frequency and types) ** preparing grammar materials by looking at the real frequency of usage

Ex: genre analysis as the structures used in articles or letters of application

REFERENCES Krieger, Daniel. “Corpus Linguistics: What It Is and How It Can Be Applied to Teaching” Mukherjee, Joybrato. “Corpus Linguistics and English Reference Grammars”