Corporate Emissions GHG Protocol Initiative Inventory Module An

Corporate Emissions GHG Protocol Initiative Inventory Module – - An Update Corporate Accounting Standards A guide to corporate June 12, 2003 accounting. Simon Schmitz and reporting World Business Council for Sustainable Development standards World Resources Institute

Some background of the Initiative • Convened in 1998 by WBCSD and WRI • Mission: to develop international GHG accounting and reporting standards for business through an inclusive and transparent multistakeholder process • 2 modules: corporate inventories & GHG mitigation projects Setting the scene

Building a Credible Standard Multi – Stakeholder Process GHG Protocol Standard • Corporate module • Project module Adoption and Continuous Improvement Builds on Existing Approaches

Businesses using GHG Protocol v. Alcan Aluminum, USA v Green Mountain Energy, USA v PWC, New Zealand v. Alcoa, USA v Holcim, USA v. PSEG, USA v. Astra. Zeneca, UK v IBM, USA v Pfizer Inc, USA v. Ball Corporation, USA v. IKEA International, Sweden v. SC Johnson, USA v. Baxter International, USA v. International Paper, USA v St Lawrence Cement Inc. , USA v. BP, USA v. Interface, USA v. Seattle City Light, USA v. Bethlehem Steel, USA v ITC Inc. , India v. Simplex Paper & Pulp, India v. Birka Energi, Sweden v. Johnson & Johnson, USA v. Sony Electronics, Japan v. The Body Shop, UK v. Kansai Electric Power, Japan v. STMicroelectronics, Switzerland v Casella Waste Systems Inc. , v. Lockheed Martin, USA v. Suncor, USA v. Miller Brewing Co. , USA v Target Corporation, USA v. Cinergy, USA v. Mirant, USA v. Tata Steel, India v. Eastman Kodak, USA v. National Renewable Energy v. Tokyo Gas, Japan v FPL Group, Inc. , USA Laboratory, USA v Verizon Communications, USA v. CODELCO, Chile v. Nike, USA v. Volkswagen, Germany v. Edison Mission Energy, USA v. Norm Thompson Outfitters, USA v. We Energies, USA v. Ford, USA v. Norsk Hydro, Norway v 500 PPM Gmb. H, Germany v ENDESA, Spain v N. V. Nuon Energy, Netherlands v. Philips & Yaming, China

Climate initiatives using GHG Protocol Government Initiatives w w U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Business Initiatives w International Forum of Forest and Paper Associations Pulp & Paper Sector Calculation Tools Climate Leaders w Aluminium Institute Protocol & Calculation Tools USAID Clean Technology Initiative and w International Iron and Steel Institute Calculation Tools (under development) Greenhouse Gas Pollution Prevention Program w California Climate Action Registry w Wisconsin GHG Registry w Proposed WEF Global GHG Registry w NZ Business Council for Sustainable Development w Respect Europe Business Leaders Initiative for Climate Change (BLICC) NGO Initiatives w WBCSD Sustainable Cement Initiative w World Wildlife Fund Climate Savers w French REGES Protocol w Carbon Disclosure Project- 35 of the worlds largest investors with assets of more than $4. 5 trillion have asked the world’s top 500 companies to quantify their GHG emissions using the GHG Protocol w Global Reporting Initiative w Climate Neutral Network Trading Schemes w Chicago Climate Exchange w UK Emissions Trading Scheme w EU Emissions Trading Scheme Other w European, Japanese, Canadian, and Australian Cement Industry Associations w European Bank for Reconstruction & Development

Standards, Guidance and Calculation Tools GHG Protocol Standards and Guidance 2 nd edition to be published in September Calculation tools Web-based, userfriendly, step-by-step guidance

Standards and Guidance: Table of Contents 8. Identifying and 1. Business Goals 2. Accounting Principles Calculating GHG emissions 3. Organizational Boundaries 9. Managing inventory quality 4. Operational Boundaries 10. Reporting GHG emissions 5. GHG Reductions and Offsets 11. Verification 6. Tracking Emissions Over ---Time (formerly “Setting a • Possibly new Appendix: Historic Performance rough overview of issues Datum”) in accounting for carbon 7. New Chapter: Voluntary stocks

Standards Principles Organizational Boundaries Operational boundaries Historic Datum Reporting GHG emissions • Accounting emissions from subsidiaries, JVs, etc. • Based on financial accounting practices

Producing the 2 nd Edition Setting Organizational Boundaries • Overall framework remains same: two main accounting options for consolidation: Equity and Control • Companies now have a choice to use either the control or the equity share approach • More accurate definition of/criteria for control • Some new/simpler definitions which need to be decided on • Guidance on contractual arrangements and leasing provided

Standards Principles Organisational Boundaries 3 scopes guarantee transparency: Ø scope 1: Direct emissions (must report) Operational boundaries Ø scope 2: Indirect Emissions - imported electricity, heat, or steam (must report) Historic Performance Datum Ø scope 3: Other relevant indirect emissions (voluntary) Reporting GHG emissions Selection of scope/s depends on objectives of inventory (e. g. internal risk management vs. trading markets).

Producing the 2 nd Edition Setting Operational Boundaries – Scope 2 • Scope 2 definition changed to avoid double counting within Scope 2 emissions: emissions associated with production of electricity consumed by the reporting entity • Emissions associated with transmission & distribution losses shall be reported by an entity that owns or controls the T&D equipment

Producing the 2 nd Edition Setting Operational Boundaries – Scope 2 Purchased Electricity Own use Scope 2 Indirect emissions from Own Use of Purchased Electricity Resold to end-user Scope 3 Indirect emissions from Purchased Electricity resold to end user Resold to intermediary Supplementary Information Emissions from Purchased Electricity resold to non end user

Producing the 2 nd Edition New Guidance chapter: Voluntary GHG targets • • Why set a GHG target? Steps in setting and reporting progress towards a GHG target 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Obtain senior management commitment Choose the target type (absolute vs. intensity) Decide on the target boundaries Decide on the use of external offsets Choose a type of base year (fixed vs. rolling base year) Decide on the level of reduction Tracking GHG performance against target

Existing calculation tools Sector-specific tools • aluminum • pulp and paper • iron and steel • nitric acid • ammonia • adipic acid • cement • lime • HCFC-22 • semi-conductors Cross-sector tools • Mobile and stationary combustion

Calculation Tools: new developments • Updates of – International Forum of Forest and Paper Associations Pulp & Paper Sector Calculation Tools – Aluminium Institute Protocol & Calculation Tools – International Iron and Steel Institute Calculation Tools • Guidance on choosing emissions factors, electricity flows, and CHP in the Stationary Tool • GHG Guide for office-based organizations • Uncertainty tool: quantifying measurement uncertainties