CORC 1332 Exam 1 Exam 1 October 6

CORC 1332: Exam 1 • Exam 1 October 6 th 2010, 6: 05 -7: 45 rm 3127 N • The Power. Point is to help you focus on what will be on the exam. • The exam will consist of approx. 50 questions (multiple choice and T/F) and 6 extra credit questions. • You are responsible to bring with you: pencil, calculator, string and ruler *Cell phones cannot be used during exam including as a calculator * Office Hours for week of Exam Monday 9/27/10 George 6 -7 pm Tuesday 10/5/10 Michelle 12: 30 -1: 30 (*Michelle is available weekly on Tuesdays from 12: 30 -1: 30) Tuesday 10/5/10 Peter 5 -6 pm Next Assignment due: Plate Tectonics to Michelle 10/13/10 BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Online Geology Core CC 3. 32 ►KNOW THE DEFINITION OF A MINERAL AND A ROCK A MINERAL is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure and specific physical properties. A ROCK, by comparison, is an aggregate of minerals (and other debris such bones or shells) and need not have a specific chemical composition. http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/minerals/mineral_def. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Mineral Properties ►Know the difference between Cleavage and Fracture are mineral properties that describe the way a mineral breaks when stressed. Cleavage describes the way a mineral breaks along its plane of weakness. Fracture: A mineral property where the atomic bonding between atoms in the crystal structure is perfect with no weakness. When these minerals are stressed they shatter making no two pieces truly the same. http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/minerals/cleave_def. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Mineral Properties Understand what defines a substance as a crystal. Difference between crystal and crystalline texture and examples of each. http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/minerals/crystals_cause. html http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/minerals/crystals_def. html

Review for Exam 1 Mineral Properties Hardness is a measure of a mineral's resistant to abrasion. This property is easily determined and is used widely for field identification of minerals. ►Know the difference between MOH’S hardness scale and the “simple” STEEL NAIL-FINGERNAIL scale. http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/minerals/hardness_def. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Mineral Properties ►KNOW HOW TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A MINERAL. Density or specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Density = Weight/Volume 1) Begin by recording the weight of the specimen, in this case 155. 8 grams. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Mineral Properties ►HOW TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A MINERAL. Density or specific gravity 2) The amount of water displaced is 20 ml = 20 cc (920 -900) 3) Divide 155. 8 g/20 cc = 7. 79 g/cc. So, the density of the minerals is 7. 79 g/cc. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Mineral Properties ►KNOW WHAT IS STREAK. The streak of a mineral is the color it displays in finely powdered form. The streak maybe completely different from the color of the hand specimen. One of the simplest ways of determining the streak of a mineral is to rub a specimen across a piece of unglazed porcelain known as a streak plate. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Mineral Properties ►KNOW HOW TO APPLY THESE PROPERTIES◄ HARDNESS DENSITY STREAK COLOR You’ll be ask to identify an unknown mineral using these properties which will be given to you in the test. Link to mineral ID charts and self-checking table: http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/minerals/resource. Menu_min. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps You will be responsible to answer similar questions as you had on your map assignment. This includes: Finding the gradient Labeling contours Determining stream direction BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Determine Direction of Stream Flow Protractor used to determine azimuth readings Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R In what general direction is the stream flowing? Answer: From West to East (The legs of the letter V give you the direction of flow) BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance Between Two Points Protractor Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles? 1) We measure the scale with the ruler and now we know that 1. 5 cm = 100 miles BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance Between Two Points Protractor Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles? 2) We measure the distance between the two points that is 8. 5 cm = x miles BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance Between 2 Points Calculations BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance Between 2 Points (MILES) Protractor Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Answer: The distance between points Q and T is 567 miles. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam Protractor Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R What is the average gradient of the stream between points R and T? Begin by measuring the length of the stream. Lay carefully a string along the course of the river. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam 2) Measure the string with a ruler, in this case the measurement is 5 4/16 or 5 ¼ inches. * After completing the calculations (on the left) the distance measured by the ruler is 884 miles (this is your horizontal distance). *19/32 inches = length of scale bar BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam Protractor 500 Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Next, Measure the heights of points R and T. Label the contours taking into account the contour interval = 50 ft and the elevation of point Q = 583 ft BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam Protractor 500 Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R 2)Measure the heights of points R and T and find the difference between them (this is your vertical difference). R = 500 ft, T = 400 ft Difference is 100 ft. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam ►Remember: Gradient or steepness between two points is the difference in elevation (ED) divided by the horizontal distance (HD): To Calculate Gradient: (Using the numbers from the previous slides) ED (difference in elevation)= 100 feet HD (horizontal distance) = 884 miles Gradient= ED = 100 ft HD = 0. 11 feet/mile 884 miles *Gradient is equivalent to slope (m=y/x)* BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps Protractor 500 Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R What is the elevation (in feet) of contour ‘d’? Answer: 400 ft BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps Protractor 500 Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R What is the elevation of contour ‘k’? Answer: 650 feet BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R 500 What is the azimuth direction going from the start point towards the end point? Start Point = Q and the End Point = R The direction is about 1. 5 o (“ 1. 5 degrees”). BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance one inch = 2. 54 cm one mile = 5280 feet What is the distance between points B and F in miles? Answer: The distance between points B and F is 2 ¼ inches BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance one inch = 2. 54 cm one mile = 5280 feet What is distance between points B and F in miles: From the scale we know that 1 inch: 60, 000 inches. So for 2 inches on the map we have 120, 000 inches on the ground PLUS the. 25 inches which equates to 15, 000 inches for a total of 2. 25 inches = 135, 000 inches BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance one inch = 2. 54 cm one mile = 5280 feet The distance between points B and F in miles is: Now we convert those 135, 000 inches to feet to miles BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance one inch = 2. 54 cm one mile = 5280 feet What is the distance between points A and C in kilometers? The distance in inches from point A to point C is 1 9/16 inches BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance one inch = 2. 54 cm one mile = 5280 feet What is the distance between points A and C in kilometers? First lets see how many map units make up 1 9/16 inches. 1 9/16 = 1 X 60, 000 Solve for X by cross multiplying: 1. 5625 * 60, 000 = 93, 780 inches BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance What is the distance between points A and C in kilometers? Now we convert 93, 780 inches into FEET, then into MILES and finally Miles into KILOMETERS. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Overhanging Cliff Maps: Topographic Features Closed Depression Gentle Slope-widely space contours Describing Topography: Be able to identify topographic features on a geologic map. Steep Slope: narrow spaced contours Hill http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. co m/maps/top_describe_menu. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps Match the following contours with the appropriate profiles: BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Maps Match the following contours with the appropriate profiles: 1 B 2 E 3 D 4 C 5 F BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT 6 A

Review for Exam 1 What is the differences between an outcrop and bedrock? ►Bedrock is a layer of undisturbed rock usually located beneath a surface layer of soil or other material. ►A surface exposure of bedrock is called an outcrop. http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/maps/nyc_mins 2/bedrock_rollover. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Geologic Map What is a geologic map and what is it used for? http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/maps/geologic_maps_menu 2. html Examine the geologic map to the left. The numbered rectangles represent different outcrops of bedrock. Assume that each of the individual formations maintains a more or less constant thickness throughout the region. Then connect the same formations. http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/maps/geologic_maps_menu 2. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Geologic Map At drill hole E we hit Formation 1 At drill hole A we hit Formation 2 At drill hole D we hit what Formation? ? **Please keep in mind you must be consistent with the thicknesses of the beds as you draw your line connecting Formations. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Locations w/in the NYC Metropolitan Area Geography: Be able to label all areas on the map to the right. http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/maps/geog_nyc_ menu 2. html http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/maps/nyc_mins 2/nyc_boros. html http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/maps/nyc_mins 2/nyc_met. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Longitude and Latitude http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/maps/latlong_menu. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Longitude and Latitude Determining the latitude and longitude of a point What is the latitude and longitude at point J? Answer: Latitude (Horizontal) 5 o 59’ 45” North Longitude (Vertical) 71 o 00’ 00” West http: //www. brooklyncollegegeology. com/maps/lat_long. html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Review for Exam 1 Longitude and Latitude What is the latitude and longitude at point H? For the latitude: (pink arrows) We see that point H is between 5 o 59’ 45” and 6 o 00’ 00” so we have 15” in between. We take half of 15” which is about 8” and add those 8” to 45” to get a latitude of 5 o 59’ 53”. For the longitude: (blue arrows) We see that point H lies between 71 o 00’ 00” and 71 o 00’ 45” so we have 45” in between. Take half of 45” which is about 23” so we add those seconds to 00” to get a longitude 71 o 00’ 23”. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT