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Copyright Notice! This Power. Point slide set is copyrighted by Ross Koning and is thereby preserved for all to use from plantphys. info for as long as that website is available. Images lacking photo credits are mine and, as long as you are engaged in non-profit educational missions, you have my permission to use my images and slides in your teaching. However, please notice that some of the images in these slides have an associated URL photo credit to provide you with the location of their original source within internet cyberspace. Those images may have separate copyright protection. If you are seeking permission for use of those images, you need to consult the original sources for such permission; they are NOT mine to give you permission.

Clonorchis: oral sucker human liver fluke cuticle Flatworms are bisexual Planarian genital opening ventral sucker mouth/anus pharynx esophagus gastrovascular cavity vitelline glands uterus vitelline duct ovary seminal recepticle vas deferens testes http: //dragon. seowon. ac. kr/~bioedu/bio/ohp/t-162. jpg http: //io. uwinnipeg. ca/~simmons/16 labman 05/lb 5 pg 6_files/clonorchis 01. jpg

http: //creatures. ifas. ufl. edu/nematode/nem_fig 1. jpg Nematode Body Organization http: //www. ua. es/dpto/dcarn/fitopatologia/Images/Celegans 1. jpg http: //www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/phyla/ecdysozoa/nematodexssm. gif

http: //ucdnema. ucdavis. edu/imagemap/nemmap/Ent 156 html/nemas/c-elegans. gif Caenorhabditis elegans is a bacteriovorous soil nematode, feeds on E. coli in vitro, is a genetic model organism, its genome is sequenced. N=6 protandrous XX=hermaphrodite XO=male Life cycle: 3 vulva days at 20°C anus mouth http: //www. esa. int/export/images/Ce_400. jpg embryo in shell of zygote

meiosis syngamy protandrous clock starting at syngamy clock starting at zygote hatching http: //nema. cap. ed. ac. uk/Caenorhabditis/C_elegans_genome/celeganslifecycle. jpg

http: //myhome. naver. com/c 65 hoi 5/c 33236. jpg

Major Organ Systems in an Earthworm Excretory: Reproductive: Circulatory: Male Gases, Digestive: Female Nutrients, Food Intake Wastes Nutrient Absorption Muscular: Movement Dermal: Gas Exchange Nervous: Sensory and Coordination http: //www. esu. edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab__12_annel_arthro/images/lumbr_diagr_dissection. jpg

http: //biog-101 -104. bio. cornell. edu/Bio. G 101_104/tutorials/animals/worm_stuff/worm_ventral. html http: //sps. k 12. ar. us/massengale/images/worms_mating. jpg http: //sps. k 12. ar. us/massengale/earthworm_dissection. htm

These two slugs are showing mating behavior. The slugs are dangling on a slime thread and grip each other with their feet. Sperm are stored in a spermatheca for a week or more. Syngamy and deposition of zygotes occurs later. http: //members. optushome. com. au/awnelson/david/slug/ The slugs evert their reproductive organs out through the gonopore. The organs unite and spermatophores are exchanged. http: //www. arnobrosi. com/3. jpg http: //www. arnobrosi. com/6. jpg

Most Animals: Life cycle Diplontic with Oogamous Syngamy SYNGAMY gametes zygote germination mitosis differentiation mitosis gametangia differentiation Gametophyte 1 N 2 N Sporophyte differentiation mitosis germination sporangium spores mitosis sporocyte MEIOSIS http: //www. sunnybankcollies. us/images/My. Dogs/Long. Hair. Dachshund 2. jpg http: //www. terrierman. com/greyhounds-italian-mating. jpg http: //www. uniquetackels. com/images/Zagreb%202007/F 2. jpg http: //www. uniquetackels. com/images/Zagreb%202007/FR 2. jpg

Spermatogenesis http: //www. uniquetackels. com/ima ges/Zagreb%202007/FR 2. jpg primary spermatocyte Oogenesis primary oocyte meiosis I secondary spermatocyte meiosis I secondary oocyte meiosis II spermatids differentiation spermatozoa http: //www. uniquetackels. com/ima ges/Zagreb%202007/F 2. jpg meiosis II ootid differentiation ovum polar bodies Compare Fig. 47. 4 Pg. 984

Of course canines are: polyparous (not uniparous) polytocous (not monotocous) So multiple oocytes mature in each estrus cycle. http: //www. uniquetackels. com/images/Bjanka 1. jpg Humans are uniparous (monotocous) with some rare exceptions. We are more like sheep and cetaceans than like dogs or cats or rats. Fraternal twins appear in some families…and can have different fathers if the mother is promiscuous! Sounds like a Maury Povich show! http: //www. uniquetackels. com/images/puppies 4. jpg

Which came first: the chicken or the egg? #1 http: //www. labs. roslin. ac. uk/images/Chicken_SC 3. jpg http: //image. guardian. co. uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2006/05/26/chicken 192. jpg A life cycle is a circle so, this seems paradoxical to non-biologists. For biologists, the answer is an easy one! #1 The egg evolved back when our line of evolution went from anisogamous to oogamous! This was WAY, WAY before there were any such species as a chicken (Gallus gallus)… before there were dinosaurs…before there were vertebrates…likely before there were even animals!

http: //www. myspacegraphicsandanimations. com/images/chicken-egg 2. jpg http: //members. lycos. nl/cownchicken/ep/ep-egg. jpg As biologists we have to agree with this cartoon: https: //comicvine. gamespot. com/images/1300 -1197425

http: //www. feathersite. com/Poultry/PPGraphics/Turkey. Eggs. JPEG http: //img 75. imageshack. us/img 75/2216/chickxc 4. gif Of course, not every “egg” is an egg… Eggs never hatch into chickens! Zygotes in shells do! What could be a “fertilized egg”?

Amphibia: Toad eggs--larval forms are strictly aquatic http: //web. ukonline. co. uk/m. hoult/a_an_r/images/tadpole. jpg Adults are somewhat terrestrial This pair is in amplexus (mating) Syngamy is external. http: //www. uri. edu/cels/nrs/paton/wood%20 frog/EXP ORT%20 PHOTOS/EX_woframplx 6_se. jpg

Mammalia: platypus Bill of duck (but with teeth!) Fur/Hair Lays “egg” with yolk (reptile? ) Syngamy is internal Milk glands feed young but no nipple, they just lick it off the fur http: //www. epa. qld. gov. au/images/nature_conservation/platypus. jpg http: //www. brokenrivermr. com. au/Graphics/Platypus/egg. jpg http: //www. kidzone. ws/animals/platypus. jpg