Copyright and Digital Ethics Outline Digital copyright digital

Copyright and Digital Ethics

• • Outline Digital copyright digital ethics Digital etiquette – The point of works cited Copyright statistics – Twitter analysis from 2003 What is digital ethics – Real world digital ethics What is copyright – How to obtain – Duration – Infringement – Works cited description – Summary References Copyright and Digital Ethics 4/1/2015 1

Concept of copyright • The concept of copyright is for there to be a law that makes it so people cant steal your work that you’ve created. • It’s there to ensure that you get paid for created work. • Even if not paid for their work, makes sure they get credit for their work. 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 2

Concept of digital ethics • The concept of digital ethics is how we communicate, treat others, portray ourselves, and protect ourselves online. • A good sense of digital ethics is important because it can help you get that job that you’ve always wanted. 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 3

QUOTE “Traditional copyright has been that you can't make a full copy of somebody's work without their permission. ”Patricia Schroeder 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 4

Works cited • This concept of works cited can sometimes be misunderstood but it’s important. • It’s needed so the author of the content can get his credit. • This type of copyright Is good for college students because correctly giving credit to the author is free compared to using someone’s song for their tv show which 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 5

Copyright is set to help all different kinds of people and their professions. 4/1/2015 Speaks for itself. Although copyright doesn’t need to be approved, if you want to get it approved you can for insurance. You’ve seen this on 6 You. Tube. Videos get kicked off of You. Tube if not given Copyright and Digital Ethics the correct copyright.

Month First Half of 2012, Government Statistics of Twitter Copyright Percentage Users/ Tweets Media taken down of Copyright Accounts notices taken down Affected notices fully or partically taken down Removed January 437 57% 788 782 6 Febuary 414 42% 723 649 74 March 382 53% 1307 1139 168 April 700 30% 1056 994 62 May 970 26% 1129 1016 113 June 475 47% 871 695 176 TOTAL 3378 38% 5874 5275 599 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 7

What is Digital ethics? it’s how you present yourself on the internet Etiquette on the internet how we communicate, treat others, portray ourselves, 4/1/2015 and protect ourselves online Is used by everyone including Copyright and Digital Ethics employers 8

Digital ethics in the real world • Don’t think of digital ethics when your online posting what you want • Seems like there’s no restrictions • Showing your friends how much you drank this weekend isn’t a good thing to do • In the real world, employers are looking for you via internet • What you post can be seen by almost 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 9

What is copyright? • legal law that gives the creator of the work exclusive rights to sell, copy, import/export, create derivatives, publicly perform, sell, or transmit their work • Form of intellectual property that is applied to any expressed representation of any creative work 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 10

Obtaining and enforcing copyright • Has to meet originality requirements, which vary for different type of works • Where Berne Convention standards apply, it’s automatically applied • Once a fixed medium is created then copyright is applied and the copyright laws are now in place • Copyright holder has to enforce their own 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 11

The rights contained In copyright • to produce copies or reproductions of the work and to sell those copies (including, typically, electronic copies) • Import and export • Create derivative works • Display or Perform works publicly • sell or give to others • Transmit or display on radio and video 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 12

Duration of copyright • Varies for different types of work but usually lasts 50 -70 years after the holders death • Can be shortened if copyright holder wants it to • Once copyright is expired it’s entered into a public domain • Public domain means that it can be freely 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 13

Copyright Infringement • Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission. • If some intrudes on the rights to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works they are subject to copyright infringement. • If caught infringing, will get fined and 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 14

• Make sure you spell check any written work you produce. If it is a news, forum or mailing list post you should use correct English/the language.

• Be as professional and matured-thinking as possible even if someone communicating to you is not. By not acting professional you are only making a fool of yourself in front of other people who will form opinions about you.

Presentation Outline • Introduction to Copyright • Unique Electronic Uses – Gray area – Additions Due to the Digital Age • Information Age • Copyright Ownership – Regulated Information – Who, What, How, Why • What Is Copyright? • Common Confusion • Using Other Works • Copyright Statistics • DMCA • The Internet – “Fair Use” Battleground – Copyright vs Copyleft – International Losses – Pros/Cons • What Is/Isn’t Covered – Smart Art Table • What You Need to Know 5/22/2021 • Summary • Q&A Digital Copyright 18

• Discuss the basics of digital copyright and bring attention to the “gray area” that we’re facing and note the importance of how digital copyright affects all of us in today’s day and age. • Introduce its important role in today’s society, the pros and cons of the internet, • define copyright and DCMA, discuss what is and isn’t covered under the digital copyright laws, what’s unique with electronic uses and details of copyright ownership.

Introduction to Digital Copyright • In today’s ever evolving age of new technologies and ideas, the problem of copyright is as prevalent as ever • Face new problems and obstacles to overcome copyright infringement – The “gray area” that consumes copyright is increasing • Digital copyright just adds to the confusion of the concept of copyright that exists already TEDx Talks: Copyright in the Digital Age 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 20

The Information Age • Our idea of freedom covers a lot – especially ideas – Our “ideas” and “facts” can’t be owned – purpose is to be discovered and well researched and passed on • In our country, information is regulated – contrary to what we think • Large collection of laws mapping out terms and conditions for: – – – 5/22/2021 Information providers Broadcasters Schools Government Civil uses Internet itself Digital Copyright 21

What is Copyright? • Copyright – legal right created by the US that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use and distribution – With the intention of enabling the creator to receive some amount of compensation for their works • It’s a form of intellectual property that’s applicable to any expressible form of an idea/info that is substantive • The US first exercised power to establish copyright rules back in 1791 – Digital copyright is a federal law • Federal law means it’s uniform across the whole country 5/22/2021 “The Internet is the first thing that humanity has built that humanity doesn’t understand, the largest experiment in anarchy that we have ever had. ” - Eric Schmidt Digital Copyright 22

Common Confusion: Digital Copyright vs Digital Copyleft • Copyright law is used by an author to prohibit others from reproducing, adapting, or distributing copies of their original work. • In contrast, copyleft allows an author to give every person who receives a copy of a work, permission to reproduce, change or distribute it and require that any resulting copies or adaptations follow suit. • Typically, copyright takes away freedoms; copyleft preserves them – However, copyright debate causes a lot of controversy 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 23

Advertisement put out by the Federation Against Copyright Theft campaigning against illegal downloading Poster for a lecture given by Peter Mennell at UC Berkley in 2012 discussing how Napster ignited the digital copyright battle Photo by Declan Mc. Cullagh of the DCMA Protest in front of the Dirksen Senate office building in Washington DC in March 2000. 5/22/2021 Image by Guilia Forsythe that John Jones used in his blog advocating that we’re all “digital humanists” in today’s modern age and we should all be copyright Digital activists Copyright 24

Copyright Stats New tool by google that creates and provides real-time detailed info about organizations and take down requests regarding alleged digital copyright infringement. Description Number URLs requested to be removed 34, 948, 69 8 Targeted domains 48, 974 Copyright owners 4, 905 Reporting Organizations 2, 328 5/22/2021 **Data consists of the copyright removal notices received for search since 2011 from Google – as of 3: 00 PM on 10/28/14 Digital Copyright 25

International Losses • Motion Picture Industry • • • Recorded Music Industry • • • A/P - $710. 8 EU - $773. 9 AM - $1, 133. 3 ME/A - $86. 7 Business Software Industry • • • **data from 2005 study and displayed in units of millions of dollars Asia/Pacific - $593 Europe - $1, 014 The Americas - $1, 120 Middle East/Africa - $186 A/P - $3, 476 EU - $3, 086. 4 AM - $1, 493 ME/A - $583 Entertainment Software Industry • • 5/22/2021 A/P - $1, 357. 6 EU - $1, 021. 1 AM - $258. 5 ME/A - $15. 6 Digital Copyright 26

What Is/Isn’t Covered • Digital/Electronic content is subject to same protections under the Copyright Act as are nondigital and traditional works • Covers a broad range of original works E-books Email s – Covers tangible non-digital works of authorship as well as digital ones • The only things NOT covered under Digital Copyright laws are facts and ideas in non-digital forms 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright Digital Music Recordin gs Websites Online videos Database s 27

Copyright Requirements • All that the law requires is that the digital copyrightable works of authorship be original – Nothing else is required for copyright ownership • It protects the form in which the ideas/facts are expressed in – but not the ideas/facts themselves – Nobody owns “ideas” or “facts” 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 28

What You Need To Know • Important to know about digital copyright because: • 1. Understand how you can make proper use of someone else’s work – Quoting it – Reprinting it – Summarizing it • 2. Need to know how to protect your own rights on your own originally created works so you don’t get taken advantage of 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 29

Unique Electronic Uses • Our current electronic environment features methods of reusing copyright-protected materials: – Scanning - producing a reproduction – Using content from a website – Posting content from a website – can’t post copyright protected content – Forwarding an e-mail – info in email/attachment belongs to original author – Linking to a website – Electronic discussion boards, newsgroups, bulletin boards, etc. • All technically require for the individual to obtain copyright permission from the original author before doing any of the above 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 30

Digital Copyright Ownership • Owning a copyright gives you exclusive right to publish, copy, distribute, display, or reproduce your work – Exclusive right to produce derivatives of your work (reproduced into another language, book to movie, etc. ) • Copyright terms go into effect as soon as the work is “fixed in a tangible medium of expression” – Doesn’t have to be published – Doesn’t have to have the copyright notice posted anywhere on it – Doesn’t have to be registered in the Copyright Office in the Library of Congress 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 31

Using Others Works • Copyright laws produce conflict – We’re encouraging the free flow of ideas and facts, but going through the process to obtain permission to use info inhibits that • Courts recognize that if borrowing isn’t excessive and helps to create new works without undermining the original works, then it’s fair use – “Fair Use” has become a battleground • Sparked court cases, legal battles and million dollar lawsuits 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 32

Digital Millennium Copyright Act • Passed on October 12, 1998 and amended Title 17 of the US Code to extend the reach of copyright • DCMA is a US copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) • Criminalizes production and distribution of technology, devices, services intended to avoid measures that control access to copyrighted works • Heightens penalties for copyright infringement on the Internet 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 33

Internet – Pros and Cons • Internet has been hailed as one of the greatest social advancements • Fundamental space for sharing/communication of ideas and info • Liberating technology also has power to record, monitor and track us – Monitored because info we’re seeking is valuable • Valuable info is an opportunity for profit ($) • In this age of limitless possibilities of the Internet, the idea that the legal infrastructure of info policies has to be changing just as quick as the info itself is • Digital Copyright laws have been created and implemented in hopes of regulating the communication of such valuable ideas – It’s made progress, but there’s still more to be made 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 34

Summary Digital Copyright is a serious issue, that’s making itself more and more prevalent with the increasing use and commonality of all things digital in today’s modern age. Digital Copyright laws such as DCMA are attempting to fairly monitor copyrighted works and protect the original works of authors. As much as they’re trying to help the problem, there’s still a large amount of gray area regarding “fair use” and the rules and standards put into place. It’s important for everyone to know and understand the basics of copyright because we’re all “digital humanists” now and we should all be inclined to be “copyright activists. ” 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 35

Q&A 1. What are the only two things that Digital Facts and ideaslaws in non-digital formscover? Copyright don’t 2. What does the acronym DMCA stand for? Digital Millennium Copyright Act 5/22/2021 Digital Copyright 36

Copyright, Open Source

Software Copyrights and Licenses • Copyright: defines exclusive rights legally granted to the owner. • Software License: Defines permissions, rights, and restrictions provided to the person who purchases a copy of the software. – Single User/Multiuser Most PC software will not allow the user to install the software without first clicking “I accept the terms in the License Agreement. ”

Freeware • Freeware is software that is made available to the public for free. Reasons include: – build customer interest and name recognition – wish to make a valuable donation to society – others believe that all software should be free (www. fsf. org)

Open Source • Open-source software evolves from the combined contribution of its users. The Free Software Directory (http: //directory. fsf. org) lists over 5000 software titles in 22 categories licensed under the GPL.

Summary Digital ethics is the way that people communicate with each other via internet. It’s a relatively new topic in society since social media sites have developed tremendously in the past ten years. Copyright must be valued in today’s culture because it’s a way to make sure that people are making a living off of their craft. Without copyright, you’d hear the same song sang by hundreds 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 15

References • • • Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Using Content: Digital Content. 2005. Document. 15 September 2014. Digital Media Law Project. Copyright. 22 August 2011. Webpage. 15 September 2014. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Digital Millenium Copyright Act. September 2014. Online Encyclopedia. http: //ravikanthl. wordpress. com/2012/05/27/google-deleted-search-results-forcopyright-infringement-statistics/ http: //thefightagainstinternetpiracy. weebly. com/statistics. html http: //www. ipi. org/doc. Lib/20120515_Copyright. Piracy. pdf http: //www. copyrightkids. org/ https: //www. law. cornell. edu/wex/copyright http: //www. zurinstitute. com/digitalethics_clinicalupdate. html 4/1/2015 Copyright and Digital Ethics 16