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12 Leadership and Trust Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -2

Learning Outcomes q Define leader and leadership. q Compare and contrast early leadership theories. q Describe the four major contingency leadership theories. q Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today’s leaders. q Discuss trust as the essence of leadership. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -3

12 -1 Define leader and leadership. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -4

Leaders and Leadership Leader: someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority. Leadership: the process of leading a group and influencing that group to achieve its goals. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -5

12 -2 Compare and contrast early leadership theories. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -6

Trait Theories of Leadership Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -7

What Traits Do Leaders Have? Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -8

Behavioral Theories of Leadership Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -9

University of Iowa and Ohio State Studies Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -10

University of Michigan Study and Managerial Grid Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -11

Situational Leadership Which leadership styles might be suitable in different situations, and what are those different situations? Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -12

12 -3 Describe the four major contingency leadership theories. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -13

Least-Preferred Coworker Questionnaire Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -14

The Fiedler Model Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -15

Situational Leadership Theory Why does a leadership theory focus on the followers? What does readiness mean? Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -16

Situational Leadership Theory (cont. ) Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -17

Leader-Participation Model Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -18

Path-Goal Theory Four leadership behaviors: • Directive leader • Supportive leader • Participative leader • Achievement-oriented leader Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -19

Path-Goal Model Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -20

12 -4 Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today’s leaders. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -21

Leader-Member Exchange Theory A leadership theory that says leaders create in-groups and out-groups and those in the in-group will have higher performance ratings, less turnover, and greater job satisfaction. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -22

Transactional vs. Transformational Leaders Transactional Leaders: lead primarily by using social exchanges (or transactions). Transformational Leaders: stimulate and inspire (transform) followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -23

Charismatic vs. Visionary Leaders Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -24

Leaders and Teams Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -25

Contemporary Issues: Employee Empowerment Managers are increasingly leading by not leading; that is, by empowering their employees. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -26

Contemporary Issues: National Culture Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -27

Contemporary Issues: Emotional Intelligence (EI) EI, more than any other single factor, is the best predictor of who will emerge as a leader. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -28

12 -5 Discuss trust as the essence of leadership. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -29

The Importance of Trust Building trust: n Practice openness n Be fair n Speak your feelings n Tell the truth n Be consistent n Fulfill your promises n Maintain confidences n Demonstrate confidence Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -30

A Final Thought on Leadership may not always be important! Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12 -31