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Medical Model Human service Model Spiritual Model Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of

Oldest treatment model Developed by medical profession Assumes mental disorders are diseases/illnesses Treatment=medication, laboratory studies, physical therapy Psychiatric medication Patient as recipient Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Medical Model

This approach sees the person coming for help as “sick” or “ill” or otherwise not healthy The physician or service provider is expected to treat and/or cure the disease Historically, the model can be summarized by the following elements: symptomdiagnosis-treatment-cure Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Medical Model

Mary Richmond authored Social Diagnosis in 1917 and used the medical model to describe social casework The social problem was rooted in the individual The social physician was to heal the complex of conditions leading to the problem Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Medical Model and Human Services

The corrections field adopted the medical model during the 1930 s The emphasis shifted from punishment to treatment Rehabilitation was the treatment to allow reenter into society Unfortunately, financial constraints limited this approach Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Medical Model and Corrections

Philippe Pinel (1745 -1826) applied the medical model to the field of mental illness Mental disorders were seen as organic in nature and their diagnosis and treatment were a medical matter Hence, those diagnosed with mental illness were to be treated as patients Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Medical Model and Mental Illness

Sigmund Freud was initially a proponent of the medical model but would later revolutionize the treatment of mental illness with the psychoanalytic method The patient/client would share thoughts with therapist and therapist would interpret the nature of their repression and suggest curative approaches Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Medical Model and Mental Illness

Electroshock therapy was developed in the 1940 s and use for a variety of conditions through the 1960 s It was effective for depression but less so for other conditions Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Medical Model and Mental Illness

Subsequent to the 1960 s psychotropic medications gained popularity These drugs act upon the brain and are currently the most common approach to the treatment of mental illness The study of the preparation, use, and effect of these drugs is pharmacology Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Medical Model and Mental Illness

Psychopharmacology “focuses on the psychological effects of and the use of drugs to treat symptoms of mental and emotional disorders” Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Medical Model and Mental Illness

Antipsychotics (major tranquilizers) – Haldol, Mellaril, Thorazine Antidepressants (relieve depression) – Elavil, Prozac Antianxiety drugs (minor tranquilizers) – Valium, Librium, Xanax) Narcotic Pain Meds Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Psychiatric medication

Focuses on interaction between individual and environment Stresses need for balance Client/consumer/customer Focus on interpersonal and environmental conflicts Treatment=problem solving Strengths-based Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Service Model

Characteristics – Generic focus – Accessible, comprehensive, coordinated – Problem solving approach – Whole person – Accountable to consumer Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Service Model