Copyright 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning ALL RIGHTS

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2

Definitions • • Anatomy Physiology Diseases Pathophysiology Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3

Definitions • • • Etiology Signs and symptoms Objective Subjective Syndromes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4

Definitions • • • Diagnostic procedures Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis Prevention Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5

Definitions • Wellness • Illness • Prevention – Primary – Secondary – Tertiary Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6

Genetics • Inherited characteristics • Impact on medical disorders • Impact on body systems Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7

Systems of the Body • When two or more organs combine to perform a major body function • Interrelated • Maintain homeostasis or wellness Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8

Movement and Protection • • • Skeletal Muscular Integumentary Provide support Allow movement Protect the body Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9

Skeletal System • Function of bones – Give shape to body – Provide place for muscles to attach – Protect internal organs – Store minerals – Manufacture blood cells Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10

Skeletal System • • • Newborns have 270 bones Adults have about 206 bones Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11

Bone Structure • • • Medullary canal Diaphysis Epiphyses Periosteum Red Marrow Cartilage Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12

Long Bone Structures Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13

Axial Skeleton • • • Skull Inner ear Hyoid Spinal column Ribs Sternum Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14

Appendicular Skeleton • • • Shoulders Arms Hands Pelvis Legs Feet Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15

Joints • • • Articulation Synovial fluid Ligaments Bursa Joint types Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16

Joint Movement Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17

Skeletal System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18

Muscular System • Over 600 muscles – Cardiac (heart) – Skeletal – Smooth (visceral) – Sphincter (dilator) Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19

Muscle Characteristics • • Contractibility Excitability (irritability) Extensibility Elasticity Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20

Skeletal Muscle • • Attached to bones by tendons Fascia Origin and insertion Belly Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21

Skeletal Muscle • • • Prime mover Antagonist Spasticity Atrophy Contracture Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22

Muscular System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 23

Integumentary System • • • Largest organ Protection from environmental hazards Temperature control Prevents dehydration Skin and appendages Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 24

Layers of the Skin • • Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue Appendages Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 25

The Skin Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 26

Skin Structures Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 27

Integumentary System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 28

Energy and Removing Waste • • • Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Digestive System Urinary System Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 29

Cardiovascular System • Transportation • Temperature regulation • Consists of heart and blood vessels – Arteries – Veins – Capillaries Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 30

Cardiopulmonary Circulation Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 31

The Heart • • • Endocardium Myocardium Pericardium Right and left atria Right and left ventricles Valves Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 32

Circulation • Flow of blood throughout body • Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood • Electrical system Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 33

Electrical System Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 34

Blood • • Red blood cells (RBC) White blood cells (WBC) Platelets Plasma Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 35

Lymphatic System • • • Second transportation system Lymphatic ducts Lymph nodes Role of the spleen Immune response Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 36

Cardiovascular System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 37

Lymphatic System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 38

Respiratory System • • Delivers air to sites for gas exchange Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 39

Respiratory System Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 40

Respiratory System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 41

Digestive System • Processes food for energy • Gastrointestinal system – Mouth – Esophagus – Stomach – Small intestines – Large intestines Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 42

Digestive System Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 43

Accessory Organs • Liver • Gallbladder • Pancreas Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 44

Digestive System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 45

Urinary System • Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste – Kidneys – Ureters – Urinary bladder – Urethra Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 46

Urinary System Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 47

Urinary System Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 48

Urinary System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 49

Sensing, Coordinating, and Controlling • The five senses – Seeing – Hearing – Smelling – Tasting – Touching • Nervous system must interpret input Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 50

Eyes • • • Cornea Pupil Lens Retina Optic nerve Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 51

Eyes–Internal View Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 52

Eye • Three layers • Protection Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 53

Eyes–External View Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 54

Ears • Outer • Middle • Inner Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 55

Ears Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 56

Eyes and Ears • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 57

Nervous System • • Detects sensations from the body Controls body’s action Uses 20% of energy produced by body Central nervous system – Brain – Spinal cord Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 58

Central Nervous System Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 59

Peripheral Nervous System • • Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Sensory fibers Motor fibers Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 60

Autonomic Nervous System • • Involuntary nerves Sympathetic system Parasympathetic system Neurons Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 61

Neurons Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 62

Nervous System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 63

Endocrine System • • Glands that manufacture hormones Works closely with nervous system Exocrine and endocrine glands Feedback mechanism Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 64

Endocrine System Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 65

Endocrine System • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 66

Producing New Life • Most fundamental function common to all living organisms • Essential for continuation of species Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 67

Female Reproduction • • • Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina External reproductive organs Breasts Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 68

Female Reproductive Organs Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 69

Female Reproduction • Major diseases and disorders • Preventive measures • Age-related changes Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 70

Male Reproduction • • • Testes Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Penis Urethra Cowper’s gland Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 71

Male Reproductive Organs Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 72