Copying Something Noble and Making it Evil Examination

Copying Something Noble and Making it Evil: Examination Into Global Plagiarism Schemes in the 21 st Century and How it Impacts Society Dr. Rande Matteson Saint Leo University Dr. David B. Ross Nova Southeastern University The Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Conference Orlando, Florida March 2 -7, 2015

This presentation is to provide an overview of how plagiarism impacts the world of research and higher education. Policies and statements of ethical standards regarding plagiarism have been created by publishers, institutions of higher education, and associations such as American Psychological Association, Modern Language Association, and Chicago Manual Style. The focus of this presentation will illustrate the depth of fraud to the institution, financial aid services, levels of education departments, society, and personal critical thinking. Professors, editors, publishers, and others who have the responsibility to detect this type of fraud, need to have set policies and expectations in place to make students and all writers aware of plagiarism. There must be a proactive stance on this growing issue of fraud.

The Problem: University systems failing intellectual property; universities can implode intellectually.

Plagiarism-APA • 6. 01 Plagiarism As stated in Chapter 1, "Authors do not present the work of another as if it were their own work" (p. 16). Whether paraphrasing, quoting an author directly, or describing an idea that influenced your work, you must credit the source. To avoid charges of plagiarism, take careful notes as you research to keep track of your sources and cite those sources according to the guidelines presented in this chapter (see also section 1. 10). • 6. 02 Self-Plagiarism Whereas plagiarism refers to the practice of claiming credit for the words, ideas, and concepts of others, self-plagiarism refers to the practice of presenting one's own previously published work as though it were new. As noted in Chapter 1, "The core of the new document must constitute an original contribution to knowledge, and only the amount of previously published material necessary to understand the contribution should be included, primarily in the discussion of theory and methodology" (p. 16). Avoid charges of self-plagiarism by familiarizing yourself with the ethical standards regarding duplicate publication and the legal standards of fair use (see also section 1. 10).

Plagiarism-MLA defines plagiarism as taking another person's language or thoughts and putting them in your own paper without acknowledging they came from another source. Even if you summarize the ideas from elsewhere or put the ideas in your own words, you still need to indicate that you were not the original creator of the concepts. You must enclose information taken verbatim in quotation marks or in block format to indicate that it is a direct quote. Omission of such documentation fits MLA's definition of plagiarism, regardless of your intention.

University Plagiarism Policies • University of California at Berkley o Plagiarism is a serious violation of academic and student conduct rules and is punishable with a failing grade and possibly more severe action. • Michigan State University o At MSU, General Student Regulation 1. 00 states in part that “no student shall claim or submit the academic work of another as one’s own. ” • Northern Illinois University o 3 -3. 1 Academic Misconduct. Receipt or transmission of unauthorized aid on assignments or examinations, plagiarism, unauthorized use of examination materials, or other forms of dishonesty in academic matters. • University of Alabama o Plagiarism: representing the words, data, works, ideas, computer programs or output, or anything not generated in an authorized fashion, as one’s own • Florida Atlantic University o The presentation of words or ideas from any other source or another person as one’s own without proper quotation and citation. ii. Putting someone else’s ideas or facts into your own words (paraphrasing) without proper citation. iii. Turning in someone else’s work as one’s own, including the buying and selling of term papers or assignments.

Unintentional Plagiarism • Some specific examples of plagiarism that may be unintentional: • (1) Paraphrasing poorly: changing a few words without changing the sentence structure of the original, or changing the sentence structure but not the words. • (2) Paraphrasing poorly: using words from the original that are not part of one's vocabulary. • (3) Quoting poorly: putting quotation marks around part of a quotation but not around all of it, or putting quotation marks around a passage that is partly paraphrased and partly quoted. • (4) Citing poorly: omitting an occasional citation or citing inaccurately.

Nova Southeastern University Work that is submitted for credit must be the original work of the student. Any assignment that is not the original work of the student is considered plagiarized and in violation of the Code of Student Conduct and Academic Responsibility. Plagiarism occurs when another person’s work, words, or ideas are represented as one’s own without the use of a school-recognized method of citation (e. g. , copied from another source such as an author or another student without properly acknowledging the actual writer/author) or when another person’s work is copied or otherwise duplicated for academic credit. Plagiarism also occurs when knowingly giving or allowing one’s own work to be copied or otherwise duplicated by another for academic credit, or when resubmitting one’s own work for academic credit (i. e. , work that has previously been submitted for academic credit).

Office of Copyright The Office of Copyright is fully dedicated to the vision, mission and core values of Nova Southeastern University, and the community it serves, through the provision of education, information, training, policies and guidance related to the effective use of copyrighted materials, including the creation and maintenance of centrally located information resources.

The Need for Policy • • Why is there a need? Who are the stakeholders? What is the negative impact to the university? Is academic freedom a barrier? Reform in higher education Policy on plagiarism Policy on outside employment Policy on ghostwriting

Excuses • I did not know I could not take someone else’s work and pass it on as my own. • I really did not have enough time to commit to this paper, I only used a few ideas and thoughts, that’s not so bad. • I thought rearranging or substituting a few words was paraphrasing. • I did not know I could resubmit my own work-no recycling. • I thought Turnitin was just to turn it in. • You mean I cannot hire someone to do my work? I could not obtain a paper from a paper mill, website, or other source?

Teachable Moments or Not? • Develop a flowchart on the process how to have dialogue with a student. • Learn how to research • Learn how to interpret and synthesis resources • Learn how to properly use in-text citations and direct quotes • Review the policies on plagiarism and unintentional plagiarism • Work along side with a writing and reading specialist/editor

Crimes: Federal and State • • False Statements Wire Fraud Mail Fraud Conspiracy RICO Money Laundering Financial institution fraud (bank other funding sources, Pell, VA, financial aid) • Tax Crimes • Misprison of a felony

David Tomar • Author of The Shadow Scholar o Discuss his actions and selections from the book o Video of David Tomar http: //video. foxbusiness. com/v/1871604107001/? #sp=show-clips • Personal Communication by Dr. Matteson o Dr. Matteson discusses his personal encounter with David Tomar

Discussion