Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment San Francisco Bay

Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton Bridge Regional Monitoring Program Annual Meeting March 22, 2002 Co-Project Managers Tom Hall, Eisenberg, Olivieri & Associates Tom Grovhoug, Larry Walker Associates Subcontractors Pacific Eco. Risk with Frontier Geoscience

Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton Objectives • Collect data to improve our understanding of aquatic toxicity of copper and ambient levels of copper and nickel in San Francisco Bay North of the Dumbarton Bridge • Develop information to help make decisions regarding the 2002 303(d) listing of copper and nickel in the Bay

Funding Agencies Municipal Dischargers Stormwater Programs Industrial Dischargers City of Benicia Burlingame Wastewater Treatment Plant Central Contra Costa Sanitation District Central Marin Sanitation Agency Delta Diablo Sanitation District East Bay Dischargers Authority East Bay Municipal Utility District Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District Las Gallinas Valley Sanitation District Millbrae Waste Water Treatment Plant Napa Sanitation District Novato Sanitation District City of Petaluma San Francisco International Airport City and County of San Francisco City of South San Francisco/San Bruno San Mateo Sausalito/Marin County Sanitation District Sewerage Agency of Southern Marin South Bayside System Authority Marin County Sanitary District #5, Tiburon Union Sanitary District Vallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District Alameda County Clean Water Program C&H Sugar Contra Costa County Clean Water Program USS Posco Rhodia Inc. Fairfield Suisun Urban Runoff Management Program Ultramar Marin County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program Equilon San Mateo Countywide Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program Vallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District Dow Chemical

Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton Project Guidance Coordinating Committee Technical Review Committee RWQCB BACWA Industrial Dischargers Stormwater Environmental Advocacy Groups EPA DFG Copper Development Association SFEI South Bay Liaison TOXICOLOGIST David Hansen (Hydroqual) GEOCHEMIST Jim Kuwabara (USGS) HYDRODYNAMICIST Stephen Monismith (Stanford) ECOLOGIST – PHYTOPLANKTON Brian Palenik (UCSD Scripps)

Dissolved Copper Concentrations at Select Central Bay Monitoring Stations RMP Data 1993 -1998 EOA, Inc 6 -2 -00

Dissolved Copper Concentrations at Select North Bay Monitoring Stations RMP Data 1993 -1998 EOA, Inc 6 -2 -00

Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton Study Highlights • Extension of City of San Jose’s work in development of WERs for San Francisco Bay • Toxicity Tests for copper using the bivalve Mytilus edulis • Analytical Chemistry measuring for copper, nickel, and conventional water quality parameters

Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton Sample Sites

Four Sampling Events • September 5/7, 2000; dry season; glassy water conditions on Bay • February 13/15, 2001; wet season; turbid conditions on Bay • April 22/24, 2001; wet season; scheduled to coincide with stratified conditions • June 13/19, 2001; dry season; windy summer conditions

BD 15 Event 2 Value 21. 6

A Water Effects Ratio (WER) is the ratio of toxicity of a given pollutant in laboratory water to toxicity in site water. If the value of the WER exceeds 1. 0, the site water reduces the toxic effects of the pollutant being tested. Water Quality Objective x WER = Site-Specific Objective For Example: 3. 1 ug/l x 2. 67 = 8. 3 ug/l

Dissolved Copper SSOs and Ambient Concentrations

Ratio of Ambient Concentrations to Dissolved Copper SSOs

Next Steps • Copper / Nickel Action Plans (BACWA) – – POTWs and Storm Water Programs RMP Ambient Monitoring Triggers & Follow-up Actions Reasonable Baseline Source Control Measures • Metals Translators (BACWA) • Site Specific Objective(s) • Basin Plan Amendment

SPB 01 Grizzly Bay SPB 03 Petaluma River SPB 02 Pacheco Creek San Pablo Bay North Bay Richmond Bridge Sampling Stations Yerba Buena (deep and shallow) Bay Bridge Central Bay Oyster Point LCB 02 LCB 01 San Mateo Bridge San Bruno N Redwood Creek Dumbarton Bridge LEGEND: Site Event 1, Event 2, Event 3, Event 4 Shallow Water Sites (<4 m)

Results of Statistical Analysis of WER Values • EC 50 values for site water significantly greater than EC 50 for lab water • WER values are significantly greater than 1. 0 • Therefore, national copper chronic criterion (3. 1 ug/l) overestimates copper toxicity in SF Bay waters

Results of Statistical Analysis of WER Values Using ANOVA • No significant difference between shallow and deep stations • Significant difference between Event 2 and other 3 events • Significant difference between pooled values north and south of Bay Bridge

Statistical Methods for WER Value Analysis • Kolmogorov-Smironov Test for normality (distribution normally distributed) • Repeated measures ANOVA • Significance threshold set at 95 th % confidence level (p=0. 05) • Paired t-tests

Mean WERs with 95% Confidence Intervals

San Jose Dissolved Copper WER

Event 2 BLM Under Predicts Toxicity Event 3 Event 4 BLM Over Predicts Toxicity Round 4 -GC Central, GC North, BA 40, BB 15, LCB 01, LCB 02, BB 30, BC 10, BF 20 deleted