Coordinated School Health Initiatives An Overview Elizabeth Coke

Coordinated School Health Initiatives: An Overview Elizabeth Coke Haller, M. Ed. Michigan Department of Education Grants Coordination & School Support Office Coordinated School Health & Safety Programs

Vision Statement § School-aged children are socially, emotionally and physically healthy and engaging in behaviors that promote lifelong health and academic achievement within a supportive family, school and community environment.

State School Health Vision Priorities § A: Teach healthy behaviors and skills to all students. § B: Ensure that social, emotional and physical health services available to all students. § C: Create environments that support health behaviors.

Our Role & Function § Provide state leadership, technical assistance and support in prevention and intervention strategies for: Health, Character Education, Substance Abuse, Michigan Model for CSHE Ø Coordinated School Health Initiatives, Ø YRBS/SHEP, and other surveillance activities Ø Sexuality, HIV and STI prevention Ø Safe Schools, Persistently Dangerous Schools Ø Physical Education/Activity Ø

Key Education Focus Key Health Problems § Intentional and unintentional injuries § Sexual risk behaviors § Alcohol/drug use § Tobacco use § Physical inactivity § Poor eating habits § Special Projects: Asthma, Sun Safety § Content Standards and § § § Benchmarks Model State Curriculum Grade Level Content Expectations State Board Policies Assessment and Evaluation Surveillance Resources and Tools

Making the Connection: Health and Student Achievement Through Coordinated School Health Programs Society of State Directors of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (SSDHPER) Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) www. thesociety. org © 2002 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) and the Society of State Directors of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (SSDHPER)

Presentation Objectives § Provide an overview of systems change through Coordinated School Health Initiatives § Share research on links between health status, health behavior, and academic achievement § Gain a greater understanding of the influence of school health programs on student success § Share success stories and programs available

Is student health the missing piece in school reform?

Coordinated School Health Program Model (CSHP)

Coordinated School Health Initiatives ARE… THE WAY WE DO BUSINESS!

THE WAY WE DO BUSINESS!!!

Not one more thing to do but another way to do our thing.

Good Health is Necessary for Academic Success

Coordinated School Health Initiatives: § Empowers students with the knowledge, skills, and judgment to help them make smart choices in life. § Engage parents, families and communities § Help keep kids healthy over time by reinforcing positive behaviors § Support learning and school success

CSHI Are… Centered on the Needs of Our Children § Increase connectedness § Identify and build upon youth assets § Develop life skills and sense of competence

CSHI Are… Systematic in its Approach § Assess needs and resources § Prioritize § Plan § Implement § Monitor, evaluate, and refine

CSHI Are… Built on a Team Effort § Coordination between School Health Councils and School Health Teams § Partnerships § Involvement of students, families, and communities § Link to School Improvement Plan, School. Based Site Management

CSHI Are… Rigorous § Builds on accurate data § Utilizes sound science § Aims to eliminate gaps and redundancies

10 Volunteers Needed Upfront & Center

Help Identify Our 10 TEAMmates § Toothbrush/paste § Turkey Hat § Pedometer/Hat § Jump Rope/Hat § Umbrella § Tie § Backpack and Sun Lotion § Band-Aids/Gloves § Healthy Snacks/SMART Break Cap § Fire Hat/Shirt

TEAMWORK IS… CRITICAL for TEAM SUCCESS

There is No “I” in TEAM!

§ I alone cannot serve this team § I alone am not the expert for all 8 components § I alone can not share the messages and educate and advocate for programs § I alone should not represent the other areas – every voice is valued and every voice is valuable § There is no “I” in TEAM

How do the components of a CSHP impact behavior or academic achievement ?

Good Health IS Necessary for Academic Success § It is difficult for students to be successful in school if they are: Ø Sick Ø Using alcohol or other drugs Ø Hungry Ø Abused Ø Depressed Ø Tired Ø Being bullied Ø Stressed

Family & Community Involvement in Schools § When parents are involved in their student’s education, students show: Ø Higher grades and test scores Ø Better attendance Ø More consistently completed homework § Henderson, 1987

Family & Community Involvement in Schools § Community activities that link to the classroom: Ø Positively impact academic achievement Ø Reduce school suspension rates Ø Improve school-related behaviors § Nettles, 1991; Allen, Philliber, Herring, and Kupermine 1997

Comprehensive School Health Education § Students who participate in health education classes: Ø Increase their knowledge and improve their skills and practices § Connell, Turner, and Mason, 1985 Ø Decrease risky behaviors Botvin, Baker, Dusenbury, Tortu, and Botvin, 1990 § Dent, Sussman, Stacy, Craig, Burton, and Flay, 1995 §

School Health Services § Schools with school-based health centers report: Ø Increased school attendance Ø Decreased drop-outs and suspensions Ø Fewer teen pregnancies Ø Higher graduation rates Mc. Cord, Klein, Foy, and Fothergill, 1993 § Walters, 1996 §

School Nutrition Services § School breakfast programs: Ø Increase learning and academic achievement Ø Improve student attention to academic tasks Ø Reduce visits to the school nurse Ø Decrease behavior problems Murphy, Pagano, Nachmani, § Sperling, Kane, and Kleinman, 1998 §

Counseling, Psychological and Social Services § A comprehensive intervention combining teacher training, parent education, and social competency training in children had longterm positive impacts including: Ø Ø Ø Enhanced greater commitment and attachment to school Less school misbehavior Better academic achievement § Hawkins, Catalano, § Kosterman, Abbott, and Hill, 1999

Counseling, Psychological and Social Services § Children who participated in a social service intervention aimed at promoting student success by improving parent-child and parent -teacher communication resulted in improved academic performance - Bowen, 1999

Healthy School Environment § Students who develop a positive affiliation or social bonding with school are: Ø Ø More likely to remain academically engaged Less likely to be involved with misconduct at school § Simons-Morton, Crump, § Haynie, and Saylor, 1999

Physical Education § Physical activity is positively associated with academic performance § Dwyer, Blizzard, and Dean, 1996 § Students who participated in school physical education programs did not experience a harmful effect on their standardized test scores, though less time was available for other academic subjects Sallis, Mc. Kenzie, Kolody, Lewis, Marshall, and Rosengard, 1999 • Shephard, 1996 • Dwyer, Coonan, Leitch, Hetzel, and Baghurst, 1983 •

Health Promotion for Staff § Teachers who participated in a health promotion program focusing on exercise, stress management, and nutrition reported: Ø Ø Ø Increased participation in exercise and lower weight Better ability to handle job stress A higher level of general well-being § Blair, Collingwood, Reynolds, Smith, § Hagan, and Sterling, 1984

Health Promotion for Staff § Students benefit from having healthy teachers because: Ø Ø Ø Teachers are more energetic Teachers are absent less often The school climate is more optimistic § Symons, Cummings, and Olds, 1994

What’s Your Districts Story and Who Will Help You Tell It? § Systems Change Dynamics Ø Ø Behavior is affected by multiple levels of influence Examples: Seat belt usage (20 years ago) and 2004 Click It or Ticket Campaign • Drinking and Driving • Ø Ø Ø Science-based, Public identifies a need for change, and People enact behavior or environmental change agents

The Tipping Point – By: Malcolm Gladwell How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference § Ideas (or P/policy) behave like epidemics § Ideas can be tipped by: Ø Who transmits it; Ø The nature of the idea itself; and Ø The environment or context of the idea • Ex: Teen alcohol related accidents at Prom = after prom all night parties led by parents and educators trying to prevent further incidents

The Tipping Point – By: Malcolm Gladwell How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference § Cultivate Connectors, Mavens and Salesmen Ø Connectors – Social Butterflies i. e. networkers Ø Mavens – Just the Facts i. e. researchers Ø Salesmen - Persuasion i. e. media § Who are or could be the Connectors, Mavens and Salesmen for your team to spread your message?

Sphere of Influence Society National, State § Big “P” Policy Ø Community County, Municipality, Coalitions Organizational Organizations, Social Institutions Interpersonal Family, Friends, Social Networks Individual Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Behaviors Society: Advocacy, Science § Small “p” policy Ø Ø Community: Schools Organizational: Hospitals, Churches, Corporations, Providers § Interpersonal/ Individual – Media, Patient Education

Policies and Procedures § Policies Ø Typically express what should be done, why it should be done, and who should do it. § Regulations and Procedural Guidelines Ø Outline the details of how to accomplish the policy’s goals.

A Good Policy is Your Best Defense § Clearly written policies that reflect thorough research, sound judgment, and careful planning stave off the maiming accusations of uninformed critics… § It is surprising how much thoughtful policy work gets done if the board will routinely set aside part of every meeting to discuss policy issues rather than immediate needs. Ø National School Boards Association

A Policy Is Only Effective When It Is… § Shared § Responsive to a need § Consistently voiced § Clear how to turn the policy into practice § Consistently implemented § Consistently enforced

Michigan State Board of Education Policies on School Health § Coordinated School Health Programs 9/2003 § HIV/STD and Sex Education 9/2003 § Physical Education 9/2003 § Healthy Food Environment 12/2003 § Safe Schools 4/2003 § Character Education 6/2004 § Health Education 6/2004

Take Home Messages § § Policies can be extremely powerful tool in supporting school health initiatives The policy development process is critical in: Ø § § Ø Building support Expanding critical partnerships Don’t recreate the wheel. Start with existing school health policies.

Success Stories and Initiatives Working Dr. Pat Cooper, Mc. Comb, Mississippi § Issues: Ø Ø Ø High teen pregnancy; Low graduation rate; Low test scores; High special education rates; High juvenile arrest rates; High suspension, expulsions, and delinquency rates

Success Stories and Initiatives Working Dr. Pat Cooper, Mc. Comb, Mississippi § Results: Ø Significant increases in reading, language, and math test scores on the MTC and Terra Nova One group moved from 30 th% to 47 th% on the Terra Nova within 4 years. In 2000, 46. 5% of children were in the bottom quarter, 4 years later only 22. 6% were. • MCT scores for 2 nd – 8 th grade reading, language and math increased by 32. 8 to 80. 4 points. • Ø Graduation rates have increased from 77. 03% in 1996 -1997 to 90. 97% in 2002 -2003; 10% higher than the state average

Success Stories and Initiatives Working Dr. Pat Cooper, Mc. Comb, Mississippi § Results: Ø Ø Prior to 2002 -2003, 39. 4% children were dropping out of school; 14. 5% after the implementation of a positive discipline program Special education inclusion rate is double that of the state of Mississippi; ranked #1 in providing special education services within general education classrooms – student enrolled in 1997 was 443 and has decreased to 375 in 2004

Success Stories and Initiatives Working Dr. Pat Cooper, Mc. Comb, Mississippi § Results: Ø Ø 3% teens in Teen Parent Program has a repeat pregnancy before the age of 20, compared to 23. 5% for Mississippi and 20. 9% for the US A decrease of 59% was seen in juvenile crime arrests out of school More than 42% decrease in suspensions and detentions 33% reduction in expulsions since the Safe Schools component was initiated

Success Stories and Initiatives Working Dr. Pat Cooper, Mc. Comb, Mississippi § HOW…? ? ? Ø Ø Ø Collaboration between school and community – forum held – good discussions Collected all “money pots” and reprioritized to meet the needs of the students, teachers and community Long term plan Consistent policies Collection of Data

Success Stories and Initiatives Working in Michigan! § Michiana Coordinated School Health Leadership Institute replication Ø Ø Ø 3 year intensive leadership training 3 team members; 2 school and 1 community Meet 2 times per year in person § Coordinated School Health Leadership Training for Priority Schools Ø Ø Ø Kick off March 2004 with Pat Cooper, Brighton Follow-up trainings Winter 2005 Replicate Leadership Institute program at a slower pace

“A health promoting school is characterized as a school constantly strengthening it’s capacity as a healthy setting for learning and working. ” WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

Healthy Kids Make Better Students, And Better Students Make Healthy Communities.

Save the Date! Join the fun! § Who: § What: § When: § Where: § Contact: Preservice PE and HE teachers Putting the Pieces Together April 1, 2005 Lansing Kim Phillips at phillipsk 1@michigan. gov

Save the Date! Join the fun! § Who: § What: § When: § Where: § Contact: Higher Ed Faculty in HE, PE Annual Higher Ed Forum January 7, 2005 Lansing Merry Stanford stanfordm@michigan. gov

Contact Information on Michigan State Board of Education Policies Sex Education Laurie Bechhofer, bechhoferl@michigan. gov CSHP Elizabeth Haller, hallere@michigan. gov Character Ed & Health Education Merry Stanford, stanfordm@michigan. gov Nutrition Nick Drzal, Drzaln@michigan. gov Physical Education/Activity Trina Boyle-Holmes, Boyle-holmest@michigan. gov Safe Schools Bob Higgins, Higginsr@michigan. gov MI Department of Education, www. michigan. gov/mde Educational Materials Center, www. emc. cmich. edu

The Relationship Between Health & Education “Education and health are inextricably linked. ” - Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development

The Relationship Between Health & Education “No educational tool is more essential than good health. ” - Council of Chief State School Officers

The Relationship Between Health & Education “Health and success in school are interrelated. Schools cannot achieve their primary mission of education if students and staff are not healthy and fit physically, mentally, and socially. ” - National Association of State Boards of Education

Carnegie Foundation “Clearly, no knowledge is more crucial than knowledge about health. Without it, no other life goal can be successfully achieved. ” - Boyer, E. L. , The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1983

U. S. Department of Education “Too many of our children start school unready to meet the challenges of learning, and are adversely influenced by… drug use and alcohol abuse, random violence, adolescent pregnancy, AIDS, and the rest. ” - U. S. Department of Education. America 2000, An Education Strategy Sourcebook - Department of Education, 1991

Former Surgeon General Dr. Antonia Novello “Health and education go hand in hand: one cannot exist without the other. To believe any differently is to hamper progress. Just as our children have a right to receive the best education available, they have a right to be healthy. As parents, legislators, and educators, it is up to us to see that this becomes a reality. ” - Healthy Children Ready to Learn: An Essential Collaboration Between Health and Education, 1992

American Cancer Society “[Children] …who face violence, hunger, substance abuse, unintended pregnancy, and despair cannot possibly focus on academic excellence. There is no curriculum brilliant enough to compensate for a hungry stomach or a distracted mind. ” - National Action Plan for Comprehensive School Health Education. 1992

INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE STATE LEVEL § § § Healthy School Action Tool (HSAT) www. mihealthtools. org/schools Healthy Kids, Healthy Weight: Tips for Families with Kids of all Shapes and Sizes www. mihealthtools. org/schools The Role of Michigan Schools in Promoting Healthy Weight: A Consensus Paper www. mde. state. mi. us Team Nutrition Resources and Grants www. tn. fcs. msue. msu. edu State Board of Education Health Policies www. tn. fsc. msue. msu. edu Exemplary Physical Education Curriculum www. michiganfitness. org/EPEC/default. htm

INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE NATIONAL LEVEL § Reverse the Trends: Create a Healthy School Nutrition Environment for Students § Stories From the Field: Lessons Learned About Building Coordinated School Health Programs § Promoting Healthy Youth, Schools, and Communities: A Guide to Community-School Health Councils § § § Fit, Healthy, and Ready to Learn: A School Health Policy Guide Getting it Started and Keeping it Going Fruits & Vegetables Galore: Helping Kids Eat More USDA’s School Meals Initiative www. fns. usda. gov/fns/ Action for Healthy Kids www. actionforhealthykids. org