Cooling System in Compression Ignition Engine presentation NAME

Objectives • List and describe the major components of the cooling system. • Describe

Cooling System Components • • • Antifreeze/coolant Thermostat Water pump Radiator pressure cap •

Cooling System Components Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson

Antifreeze/Coolant • Engine coolant is a mixture of antifreeze and water. • An ideal

Antifreeze/Coolant • Ethylene glycol based antifreeze is most commonly used and is green in

Antifreeze/Coolant • Safe coolants are also available – Phosphate-free ethylene glycol-based – Phosphate and

Thermostat • The thermostat controls the minimum operating temperature of the engine. • When

Thermostat • Thermostat operation depends on heat acting upon a pellet containing a specially

Water Pump • The water pump moves coolant through the cooling system. • Water

Radiator • The radiator transfers heat from the coolant to air passing through it.

Radiator Pressure Cap • The pressure cap contains a pressure valve that allows for

Water Jackets • Water jackets are hollow passages in the block and cylinder head(s)

Cooling Fans • Cooling fans provide additional air flow through the radiator at low

Engine Block Heaters • A block heater is a small electric heating element that

Cooling System Service • Pressure test the system for leaks. • Check coolant condition

Cooling System Service • Check hoses for leaks and swelling. • Check the system

Common Causes of Water Pump Bearing Failure • Improper drive belt tension (both too

Summary • The fluid used as coolant today is a mixture of water and

Summary • The basic procedure for testing a vehicle’s cooling system includes inspecting components

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Cooling System in Compression Ignition Engine presentation NAME SECTION B. N Sherif mostafa metwaly 3 17 Hosny ahmed Ibrahim 2 33 Esmail abd allah moh. Elshahat 2 16 Mohamed nyazy gamel abd el aziz 5 18 Mohmoud saad moh. seliman 5 30 Mamoud moh. Said eliwa 6 4 Hosam moh. Mahmoud ahmed 2 30 Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -1

Objectives • List and describe the major components of the cooling system. • Describe the operation of the cooling system. • Describe the function of the water pump, radiator cap, thermostat, water jackets, block heaters and cooling fans in the cooling system. • Test and service the cooling system. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -2

Cooling System Components • • • Antifreeze/coolant Thermostat Water pump Radiator pressure cap • Expansion tank • • • Hoses Water outlet Water jackets Cooling fans Temperature indicators • Engine block heaters continued… Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -3

Antifreeze/Coolant • Engine coolant is a mixture of antifreeze and water. • An ideal mixture in moderate climates is 50% antifreeze and 50% water. This mixture provides a balanced anti-freeze, anti-boil and anti-corrosion protection. • A recommended mixture in cold climates is 60% antifreeze and 40% water for increased freeze protection. continued… Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -5

Antifreeze/Coolant • Ethylene glycol based antifreeze is most commonly used and is green in colour. – Ethylene glycol is poisonous and has a sweet taste that can attract animals and children. • Propylene glycol based antifreeze has the same basic characteristics of ethylene glycol. – Propylene glycol is not sweet tasting and is less harmful to animals and children. continued… Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -6

Antifreeze/Coolant • Safe coolants are also available – Phosphate-free ethylene glycol-based – Phosphate and silicone-free, Organic Acid Technology (OAT). Orange in colour. – Hybrid Organic Acid Technology (HOAT) with additives that are not abrasive to water pumps. • Always use the coolant that is recommended by the manufacturer for each particular engine. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -7

Thermostat • The thermostat controls the minimum operating temperature of the engine. • When the engine is cold, thermostat prevents coolant flow to the radiator. • As the engine approaches operating temperature, thermostat gradually opens allowing coolant flow to the radiator. continued… Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -8

Thermostat • Thermostat operation depends on heat acting upon a pellet containing a specially formulated wax and powdered metal. • Heat causes the wax pellet to expand force the pellet outward. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -9

Water Pump • The water pump moves coolant through the cooling system. • Water pumps are centrifugal-type pumps with a rotating paddlewheel type impeller. • Water pumps can be belt driven by the crankshaft or camshaft. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -10

Radiator • The radiator transfers heat from the coolant to air passing through it. • The radiator is a series of tubes and fins that expose the heat from the engine coolant to the most surface area possible, maximizing heat transfer. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -11

Radiator Pressure Cap • The pressure cap contains a pressure valve that allows for a pressure increase in the cooling system, which raises the coolants boiling point. The pressure is caused by coolant expansion as the engine warms. • The cap also contains a vent (vacuum) valve to allow coolant to reenter the radiator as the system cools and the coolant contracts. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -12

Water Jackets • Water jackets are hollow passages in the block and cylinder head(s) that surround the areas closest to the cylinders and combustion chambers. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -13

Cooling Fans • Cooling fans provide additional air flow through the radiator at low speed and when the engine is idling. • The fan may be driven by the engine, via a belt or, or driven by an electric motor. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -14

Engine Block Heaters • A block heater is a small electric heating element that is installed in a core plug hole and extends into a water jacket. • This element requires only a short warm-up period to take the deep chill out of an engine block. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -15

Cooling System Service • Pressure test the system for leaks. • Check coolant condition and strength using a hydrometer or refractometer. • Check radiator cap for proper pressure. • Test thermostat for proper opening and closing temperatures. continued… Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -16

Cooling System Service • Check hoses for leaks and swelling. • Check the system with a voltmeter for electrochemical degradation. • Check water pump for bearing failure and leaks. • Check cooling fans and fan clutch for properation. • Check drive belt tension and condition and adjust or replace as necessary. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -17

Common Causes of Water Pump Bearing Failure • Improper drive belt tension (both too little or too much tension) • A bent fan • A missing piece of fan blade • A cracked fan blade • Fan mounting surfaces that are not flush • A worn fan clutch Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -18

Summary • The fluid used as coolant today is a mixture of water and antifreeze coolant. • V-belts and ribbed belts (called serpentine belts) are used to drive water pumps and power steering pumps, air conditioning compressors, generators, and emission control pumps. continued… Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -19

Summary • The basic procedure for testing a vehicle’s cooling system includes inspecting components and testing for external and internal leaks. • Belt problems are easily discovered by visual inspection or by the sound of slippage. Chapter 12 Copyright © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 -20