CONTRACEPTIVES B Sc II Dr Narayan Mane Department
CONTRACEPTIVES B. Sc. II Dr. Narayan Mane Department of Zoology GKG College Kolhapur
Population explosion is a global problem
Natural Method
1. Total Abstinene (Coitus) - No Sexual Contact -Surest Method - apply full understand of the partners - this not the method for average young couple - yoga promise great vigor and strength
• Safe, easy and Convenient • But require great self-control, experience and trust. • No protection Against STDs. • Has an extremely high Failure rate.
Mechanical method
Foam Tablets -Produce foam when they are moistened -Before intercourse tablets ate moistened and placed deep in vagina -Produced foam destroy the sperm
Contraceptive creams • • No. of creams are available on market Apply to vagina before the intercourse Has spermicidal activity Some specially shaped, sponge, soft pessaries Which apply on. • Single pessary is inserted deep in vagina. • Main component- NONOXYNOL-9 • Ex- TODAY.
• An IUD is a small, T-shaped plastic device that is wrapped in copper or contains hormones. • The IUD is inserted into uterus by doctor. • A plastic string tied to the end of the IUD hangs down through the cervix into the vagina. • can check that the IUD is in place by feeling for this string. • The string is also used by your doctor to remove the IUD.
Copper T Loop
• Types of IUDs • Hormonal IUD. The hormonal IUD releases levonorgestrel, which is a form of the hormone progestin. The hormonal IUD appears to be slightly more effective at preventing pregnancy than the copper IUD. Hormonal IUDs prevent pregnancy for 3 to 5 years, depending on which IUD is used. • Copper IUD. The most commonly used IUD is the copper IUD. Copper wire is wound around the stem of the T-shaped IUD. The copper IUD can stay in place for up to 10 years and is a highly effective form of contraception.
• How it works • Both types of IUD prevent fertilization of the egg by damaging or killing sperm. The IUD also affects the uterine lining (where a fertilized egg would implant and grow). • Hormonal IUD. This IUD prevents fertilization by damaging or killing sperm and making the mucus in the cervix thick and sticky, so sperm can't get through to the uterus. It also keeps the lining of the uterus (endometrium) from growing very thick. This makes the lining a poor place for a fertilized egg to implant and grow. The hormones in this IUD also reduce menstrual bleeding and cramping.
Insertion • IUD inserted at any time, as long as you are not pregnant and you don't have a pelvic infection. • The insertion procedure takes only a few minutes and can be done in a doctor's office. Sometimes a local anesthetic is injected into the area around the cervix, but this is not always needed. • IUD insertion is easiest in women who have had a vaginal childbirth in the past.
good candidate for an IUD if : • Do not have a pelvic infection at the time of IUD insertion. • Have only one sex partner who does not have other sex partners and who is infection-free. This means you are not at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or you and your partner are willing to also use condoms. • Want an effective, long-acting method of birth control that requires little effort and is easily reversible. • Cannot or do not want to use birth control pills or other hormonal birth control methods.
Advantages • • • 100 % effective Anesthetic and simple Non-interfering and simple and reversible Association is painless No problem of storage and disposal Provide opportunity for gynecological examination.
Cramp like pain Disadvantage • Menstrual bleeding • Backache Spolting
0 ral contraceptives (O. C. or Pills)
Uses of Oral Contraceptives • Primary Use – Prevent pregnancy • Secondary Uses – Heavy or irregular menstruation – Endometriosis – polycystic ovary syndrome – dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Estrogen • Primary female sex hormone • Roles of estrogen: – To develop secondary female sex characteristics – Thicken the endometrium – Regulate menstrual cycle • Regulation – Production of estrogen regulated by Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luetinizing hormone (LH), both produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland • Hypothalamus→Gn. RH→ Pituitary→FSH→Follicle→Estrogens
Progesterone • Produced by – Adrenal glands – Gonads – Brain – Placenta (only during pregnancy) • Regulation- stimulated by the production of LH • Hypothalamus→Gn. RH→ Pituitary→LH→Corpus luteum→Progesterone • Primary Effect- prepares uterus for implantation by the proliferation of endometrium; prepares body for pregnancy • Natural progesterone- destroys digestive system when consumed orally ALL oral contraceptives contain progestin, synthetic form of progesterone
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (Gn. RH) • Synthesized by hypothalamus • Stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release FSH and LH • A decapetide (contains 10 amino acids) p. Glu-His-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly. NH 2 • secretion begins at puberty • Primary Effects – secretion of estrogen and progesterone in females – secretion of testosterone in males
Methods of taking pills
Oral contraceptives may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: nausea vomiting stomach cramps or bloating diarrhea constipation gingivitis (swelling of the gum tissue) increased or decreased appetite weight gain or weight loss brown or black skin patches acne hair growth in unusual places bleeding or spotting between menstrual periods changes in menstrual flow painful or missed periods breast tenderness, enlargement, or discharge swelling, redness, irritation, burning, or itching of the vagina white vaginal discharge
Some side effects can be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor immediately: dark-colored urine leg pain light-colored stool partial or complete loss of vision swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or double vision lower legs bulging eyes depression, especially if you also severe stomach pain have trouble sleeping, yellowing of the skin or eyes tiredness, loss of energy, or other loss of appetite mood changes extreme tiredness, weakness, or unusual bleeding lack of energy rash fever menstrual bleeding that is unusually severe headache heavy or that lasts for longer than 7 severe vomiting days in a row speech problems dizziness or faintness weakness or numbness of an arm or leg crushing chest pain or chest heaviness coughing up blood shortness of breath
8 Common Brands of Oral Contraceptive Pills 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Yasmin Ovral Bandhan Duoluoton L Choice Deviry MTpills Centron
Sterilization operation
• Surgical procedure that render people incapable of reproduction without affecting sexual activity. • Most popular Method of birth control. • Permanent infertility is achieved by these method.
Sterilization Blockage of Vas deference and Fallopian tube
Fear in People mind
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