Contraception 2 Abstinence Some people think of abstinence

Contraception #2

Abstinence • Some people think of abstinence as not having vaginal intercourse. They may enjoy other kinds of sex play that don't lead to pregnancy. • And some people define abstinence as not having any kind of sex play with a partner.

Abstinence • • Does not require doctor prescription Prevents pregnancy (100% Effective) Prevents STD (100% Effective) Safe, Easy, Convenient

Withdrawal • A man who uses withdrawal will pull his penis out of the vagina before ejaculation.

Withdrawal • Does not require doctor prescription • During Vaginal Intercourse (96% effective if done correctly, 73% effective if not done correctly) • Does not prevent STD’s • Convenient

Fertility Awareness • Fertility awareness-based methods (FAMs) are ways to track ovulation — the release of an egg — in order to prevent pregnancy. Some people call FAMs "natural family planning. "

Fertility Awareness • Chart your fertility (track the release of egg) – A woman has a chance of her egg joining a sperm about seven days of every menstrual cycle. – This includes the five days before ovulation. – It includes the day of ovulation. – It also includes the day or two after ovulation — even though it's less likely to happen then. • 76% effective if always used correctly. • Does not prevent STD’s

Male Condom • Condoms are worn on the penis during intercourse. They are made of thin latex. They prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted disease. • Condoms are available in different styles and colors, and are available dry, lubricated, and with spermicide.

Male Condom Does not require doctor prescription Prevent pregnancy and STD’s Can be used with another form of contraception. Used for vaginal, anal, or oral sex Safe, effective, easy to get ($2 -6 for 3) 98% effective when used correctly, 82% effective when used incorrectly. • Reduce risk of STD’s • • •

Female Condom • The female condom is a pouch that is used during intercourse to prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted diseases. It has flexible rings at each end. Just before vaginal intercourse, it is inserted deep into the vagina. The ring at the closed end holds the pouch in the vagina. The ring at the open end stays outside the vaginal opening during intercourse.

Female Condom Does not require doctor prescription Prevent pregnancy and STD’s Can be used with another form of contraception. Used for vaginal or anal sex. Safe, effective, easy to get ($2 -4) 95% effective when used correctly, 79% effective when used incorrectly. • Reduce risk of STD’s • • •

Diaphragm • The diaphragm is a shallow, dome-shaped cup with a flexible rim. It is made of silicone. You insert it into the vagina. When it is in place, it covers the cervix.

Diaphragm Silicone cup-worn by woman Safe, effective, and convenient Lasts up to 2 years, costs $15 -75 Prevents pregnancy, does not prevent STD’s 94% effective when used correctly, 88% effective when used incorrectly. • Must see health care provider to get a diaphragm. • • •

Pill • Birth control pills are a kind of medication that women can take daily to prevent pregnancy. • The hormones in the pill work by Keeping eggs from leaving the ovaries. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join with sperm. Making cervical mucus thicker. This keeps sperm from getting to the eggs.

Oral Contraception-Birth Control Pill Prescription needed Take a pill each day Safe, easy, convenient ($15 -50 month) 99% effective when used correctly, 91% effective when used incorrectly. • Does not protect from STD’s • •

Patch • The birth control patch is a thin, beige, plastic patch that sticks to the skin. It is used to prevent pregnancy. A new patch is placed on the skin once a week for three weeks in a row, followed by a patch-free week. • The hormones in the birth control patch work by Keeping eggs from leaving the ovaries. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join with the sperm. Making cervical mucus thicker. This keeps sperm from getting to the eggs.

Patch Prescription needed Save, effective, convenient ($15 -80 month) Prevent Pregnancy 99% effective when used correctly, 91% effective when used incorrectly. • Does not protect against STD’s • •

Vaginal Ring • The vaginal ring is a small, flexible ring a woman inserts into her vagina once a month to prevent pregnancy. It is left in place for three weeks and taken out for the remaining week each month. • The hormones in the ring work by Keeping eggs from leaving the ovaries. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join with the sperm. Making cervical mucus thicker. This keeps sperm from getting to the eggs.

Vaginal Ring Nuva. Ring Prescription needed Safe, effective, convenient ($15 -80 month) 99% effective when used correctly, 91% effective when used incorrectly. • Does not protect against STD’s • •

Injection-Shot • The birth control shot is an injection of a hormone that prevents pregnancy. Each shot prevents pregnancy for three months. • The progestin in the shot works by Keeping eggs from leaving the ovaries. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join the sperm. Making cervical mucus thicker. This keeps sperm from getting to the eggs.

Injection Prescription needed Safe, effective, convenient ($35 -75) Lasts for 3 months 99% effective when used correctly, 94% effective when used incorrectly. • Does not protect against STD’s • •

Implant • The birth control implant is a thin, flexible plastic implant about the size of a cardboard matchstick. It is inserted under the skin of the upper arm. It protects against pregnancy for up to three years. • The progestin in the birth control implant works by keeping eggs from leaving the ovaries. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join with the sperm. making a woman's cervical mucus thicker. This keeps sperm from getting to the eggs.

Implant • Inserted by health care provider • Safe, effective, convenient ($400 -800 3 years) • Less than 1 out of 100 women a year will become pregnant using the implant. It lasts up to three years. • Does not protect against STD’s

Plan B-Emergency Contraception • Emergency contraception is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. • Emergency contraception can be used up to five days (120 hours) after unprotected intercourse

Emergency Contraception Safe and Effective Available at drugstores and health centers $10 -70 Reduce the risk of pregnancy by 89% when started within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse. They continue to reduce the risk of pregnancy up to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse, but they are less effective as time passes • Does not protect against STD’s • •

IUD • The letters IUD stand for "intrauterine device. " IUDs are small, "T-shaped" devices made of flexible plastic. A health care provider inserts an IUD into a woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy. • There are two brands of IUD available in the United States — Para. Gard (12 years) and Mirena (5 years)

IUD • Must be inserted by health care provider • Safe, effective, long lasting ($500 -1000) • Less than 1 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they use the Para. Gard or the Mirena IUD. • Does not protect against STD’s

Tubal ligation (female sterilization) • During a sterilization procedure, a health care provider closes or blocks a woman's fallopian tubes. Closing the tubes can be done in several ways (cutting the tubes, blocking the tubes)

Sterilization • • • Surgery that prevents pregnancy Permanent Safe and Highly effective ($1500 -6000) Less than 1% of woman will become pregnant Does not protect against STD’s

Vasectomy (male sterilization) • During vasectomy, a health care provider closes or blocks the tubes that carry sperm. When the tubes are closed, sperm cannot leave a man's body and cause pregnancy.

Vasectomy • • • Male Sterilization Permanent Safe and effective ($350 -1000) Almost 100% effective, usually takes 3 months Does not protect against STD’s

Discuss • Which method may be the best choice for pregnancy prevention? – For a teen? • Which method may be the best choice for STD prevention? – For a teen? • How important is it for each partner to be involved in the other partner's use of contraception?