Contingency Theories Mc Govern Bernhard Mc Govern Possible
Contingency Theories
Mc. Govern & Bernhard �Mc. Govern �Possible in sport? Examples… �Why is this not done often? �Hint: Who becomes coach? �Bernhard �Possible in exercise settings? Examples… �Take Home Message specific to Leadership?
Contingency Approaches �“The basic tenet of this focus was that behavior effective in some circumstances might be ineffective under different conditions” (p. 64). �A 4 -5 th grade soccer coach would behave much differently than the same coach at the Olympic level.
Contingency Approaches �Two qualities by the Leader MUST be present. �Sliding scale of two behaviors. �Most difficult one to achieve success at?
Fiedler’s Contingency Model �Premise was to critically examine the two largest variables for predicting potential success: �Leader & Organization �Where in sport do we see this approach? �Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale
Fiedler’s 3 Prongs of the Situation �Leader-Member relations: �Members’ attitudes towards & acceptance of the leader. �Task Structure: �High or low = greater chance of success? �Position Power: �An evaluation of formal power.
Using Fiedler’s Model �Evaluate yourself as a leader accurately. �Evaluate the situation accurately. �Do these variables change? �General research support, but correlation statistics only. �LPC is simplistic and doesn’t account for everything.
Hersey & Blanchard Situational Theory �Evaluation is primarily based on follower readiness level. Then the leader alters her behavior to adjust to the level of the followers. �This notion applies to both a team as a whole and individuals within a team. �Where do we see this ‘tiered’ behavior from coach to follower in sport? Exercise?
Path-Goal Theory �Leader is to increase motivation of followers in order to achieve greater rewards. �Path Clarification. �Increased usage and congruence of rewards. �Difficult or easy in exercise? � 3 sections to consider: �Leader Behavior �Followers & Situation �Rewards
Path-Goal Theory: Leader Behavior �Supportive Leadership: concern for followers. �Directive Leadership: specific instructions for followers. (color by number) �Participative Leadership: followers’ opinions are sought and valued. �Achievement-oriented Leadership: challenging goals and constant improvement to meet them. �*Behavioral patterns, NOT traits.
Path-Goal Theory: Situation �Personal characteristics of group members. �Ability, skills, needs & motivations. �Work environment. �Task structure: defined vs. abstract. �Formal authority: legitimate power + rules & policies. �Group characteristics: educational level & relationships among members.
Path-Goal Theory: Rewards �How do followers get to rewards? �What rewards do they want? �Exercise examples…?
Vroom-Jago �“focuses on varying degrees of participative leadership, and how each level of participation influences quality and accountability of decisions. ” (p. 79) �Premise: Leader faces a problem and must make a decision.
Vroom-Jago: Leader Participation Style �Continuum from solely autocratic to solely democratic. �Utilize 7 questions to determine where on the continuum the situation is which in turn provides a prescription of behavior to follow. �Initial problems with this approach?
Vroom-Jago: 7 Questions �Decision significance. �Importance of commitment. �Leader expertise. �Likelihood of commitment. �Group support for goals. �Goal expertise. �Team competence.
Vroom-Jago: Time vs. Development �Increasing the time to make a decision should prompt greater follower development. �Which is paramount? �Time or Development… �Sport? �Exercise?
Leadership ALWAYS Necessary? �Substitute: a situational variable that makes a certain leadership style unnecessary or redundant. �Neutralizer: a situational variable that counteracts a leadership style and prevents the leader from acting in a certain way.
- Slides: 17