Contingency Tables Contingency tables or crosstabs display data

Contingency Tables

Contingency tables – or crosstabs • display data so we can see if one variable seems to be having an effect on a second variable (does the independent variable effect the dependent variable? ) • independent variable: displayed across the top (column) • dependent variable: down the sides (rows)

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Both parents smoke One Parent Smokes Neither parent smokes Student Smokes 400 416 188 Student does not smoke 1380 1823 1168

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Both parents smoke One Parent Smokes Neither parent smokes total Student Smokes 400 416 188 100 4 Student does not smoke 1380 1823 1168 437 1 1780 2239 1356 537 5

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Student Smokes Both parents smoke One Parent Smokes Neither parent smokes 400 416 188 1004 1823 1168 4371 400/1780 total 22. 5% Student does not smoke 1380/1780 77. 5% 1780 2239 1356 5375

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Student Smokes Student does not smoke Both parents smoke One Parent Smokes Neither parent smokes 400 416 188 1004 400/1780 416/2239 188/1356 1004/5375 22. 5% 18. 6% 13. 9% 1380 1823 1168 4371 1380/1780 1823/2239 1168/1356 4371/5375 77. 5% 81. 4% 86. 1% 1780 2239 1356 total 18. 7% 81. 3% 5375

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Student Smokes Student does not smoke Both parents smoke One Parent Smokes Neither parent smokes 400 416 188 1004 400/1780 416/2239 188/1356 1004/5375 22. 5% 18. 6% 13. 9% 1380 1823 1168 4371 1380/1780 1823/2239 1168/1356 4371/5375 77. 5% 81. 4% 86. 1% 1780 2239 Total 18. 7% 1356 81. 3% 5375 • Compared to the entire sample in which 18. 7% of the students smoke: -The value was higher with 22. 5% of the students smoked when both parents smoke - On the other hand, 13. 9 % of students smoked when neither parent smoked, this value is lower compared to the entire population.