Contexts of development example Contexts of development Childbirth
Contexts of development example
Contexts of development: Childbirth Ø What information does this scene provide about the contexts (cultural, socioeconomic, historical etc. ) in which this birth is occurring? Ø What does this birth environment suggest about the future care and well-being of this child? Ø How does childbirth in this setting differ from childbirth in a more/less industrially developed country?
Roadmap Developmental Psychology Theories • Introduction • Issues and questions • Introduction • Developmental theories Part 1
Introduction to Development Ø What is development? Ø Development-continuity and change in the body or behavior across time Ø Developmental psychology-the study of continuity and change in the body and/or behavior over time
Three basic issues Ø Nature vs. Nurture (biology vs. environment) l Ø In reality = Nature x Nurture interactions Universal experiences vs. Individual differences Ø Continuity vs. Discontinuity (quantitative vs. qualitative)
Social Barometer
Three basic issues: Where do you stand? Ø Nature vs. Nurture (biology vs. environment) l Ø In reality = Nature x Nurture interactions Universal experiences vs. Individual differences l (contexts) Ø Continuity l vs. Discontinuity = quantitative vs. qualitative
Developmental questions Ø What causes some children to be bullies? Ø Why do some children learn to read with little effort, but others require extensive help? Ø How and when do children learn to distinguish fantasy from reality? Ø In what ways is brain development affected by experience? Ø Can infants add and subtract? Ø Others? Your questions.
Types of questions Ø Descriptive-describing what people know and can do at different ages l Ø e. g. , What do 3 -year-olds know about math? Explanatory-How do changes take place, what processes are involved in change l e. g. , Why are some kids who grow up in impoverished environments resilient, but others suffer extreme negative consequences?
Characteristics of good theories Ø Organize study designs Ø Explain and predict (provide hypotheses) Ø Universal or generalizeable Ø Parsimonious Ø Testable or falsifiable Ø Heuristic (rich research resource)
Three theoretical controversies Ø Nature vs. Nurture (biology vs. environment) In reality = Nature x Nurture interactions Ø Universal experiences vs. Individual differences l (contexts) l Ø Continuity vs. Discontinuity l = quantitative vs. qualitative l Where do you stand?
Freud Ø Made developmental psychology a legitimate field of study Ø Psychoanalytic perspective Ø Psychosexual theory
Components of personality Ø Id: biological needs and desires (innate) Ø Ego: conscious, rational, determines how to meet desires of Id (early infancy) Ø Superego: conscience (develops 3 -6 years by interaction with parents)
Stages of psychosexual development Ø Oral Ø Anal Ø Phallic Ø Latency Ø Genital Ø Sexual impulses shift over development
For Thursday: Please bring your textbook and theories grid Ø Be prepared to discuss and apply your assigned theory to a real-world problem Ø Review PSY 203 Additional Course Policies Ø Complete the Course Materials “Quiz” posted to Drangelagriffin. weebly. com/D 2 L and bring to class Ø Read Chapter 1 assignments. We will not begin Chapter 2 until 1/29 Ø E-mail your questions on birth and pregnancy to griffina@midlandstech. edu Ø
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