Context Aware Messaging and Addressing for Emergency Applications

Context Aware Messaging and Addressing for Emergency Applications Alaa Almagrabi, Seng Loke, Torabi Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University

Outline • • Research aim and Objectives Background Related work Discussion Proposal Spatial modeling for emergency systems System ontology Conclusion

Research Aims • We aim to investigate context-aware messaging and addressing for emergency situations. • Assist-Me is an emergency alert that will be activate to help avoiding disaster. • Outdoor emergency systems refer to the measures that we put in place in order to help us effectively deal with disasters within the society • Investigating context models is required for designing efficient and expressive messaging and addressing services.

Objectives of literature survey • Investigate the concept of context aware messaging and addressing. • Presents an overview some common applications that use contextaware messaging. • The context aware messaging applications that are used for emergency purposes. • smart bushfire monitoring and detection system using GSM technology • A bushfire monitoring and detection system for smart homes using Zig. Bee technology • The context-aware messaging applications that used for guides and reminders. • Com. Motion, Cybre-Minder, Elvin…etc • The context aware messaging applications for social purposes which includes: communication and interaction between people. • Context-Mediated Social Awareness, Live Contacts, Micro. Blog, Info. Radar…etc

Background • Context awareness is more than twenty years old (Coppola, et. al. , 2005). • Context-awareness is a key aspect of new applications in the field of ubiquitous computing. • Mobile and ubiquitous computing environments can now match and even replace traditional desktop computing. • Chen and Kotz 2000, discuss the relation between contextaware computing and mobile computing model in which applications can determine and take advantage of contextual information. • Contextual information can be used as an alternative to old fashion addressing techniques such IP addresses for communication purposes (Geiger, et. al. , 2009).

What is Context? • Schilit et. al. , (1994) divides context into three categories: i. Computing context. ii. User context. iii. Physical context. • Chen and Kotz (2000) continued that work and introduced fourth category of context called time. • Dey et. al. , 1999 define context as any information that can be used to distinguish the situation of an entity, where entity can be a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between the user and application. • Schmidt et al. , (2002) defines context as “knowledge about the user’s and IT device’s state, including surroundings, situation, and to a less extent, location”.

Context Aim • The basic aim of context awareness is to provide computers with situational information in order to execute tasks. • Context awareness aim can be found as the use of any information related to the user’s situation and surrounding in order for the application to progress and execute a task (Dey’s, 2001). • Haseloff (2005) defines the aim of context awareness as “providing computers with situational or contextual information as a result of which they accordingly adapt the execution of tasks and the way of interacting with users”.

Related work: Applications use Context-Aware Messaging Figure. A classification of context-aware messaging application

Application type Technology Architecture Usage Context model A smart bushfire Monitoring and detection system (Rong et al. 2010). emergency application GSM telephones and GPS receiver. Sensor, microcontroller and power supply hybrid SMS format sensors for location, temperature and humidity A bushfire monitoring and detection system for smart homes (Sun et al. 2010). emergency application Zig. Bee modules: GSM modem and GPS receiver. Sensor, microcontroller and power supply hybrid SMS format sensors for location, temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction Context-aware messaging in Emergency Applications

Application type Technology Architecture Usage Context model Com. Motion notification GPS, Web-Server, (Marmasse and guidance CDPD and Data Schmandt, 2000). Mapping centralized location using sensor and GPS and time Cybre-Minder (Anind and Gregory 2000). notification Context-Toolkit, CRB, and guidance Sensors centralized present graphical and textual interface to allow messaging text, audio, video and multimedia Elvin (Loke and Zaslavsky 2003) notification Mobile agent, Server, and guidance ACL communicative centralized messaging, guide book, conversation and presentation location using IR and Wi-Fi, time and contextual states The PIL museum notification IR and Wi-Fi Visitor’s Guide and guidance System (Kuflik et al. 2007) centralized contextual information; location using sensor and GPS, time and nearby people …etc text can be location using GPS integers, , time and event floating point, (message content) Strings etc Context Aware Applications for Reminder, Guidance and Notification

Application type Socialight (Melinger et al. 2004) Context aware group communication system (Jou and Wang, 2006) Technology Architecture Usage Context model Social network: uses different social Communication networks, GPS and collaboration Bluetooth beacons client server message can be text, audio, video, and multimedia associated with geographical map location of friend within the network Social network: Communication and Collaboration client server mobile messaging technique to send or view the message location of mobile user to present basic group communication the client uses HP i. PAQ hx 2410 Pocket PCs and the server side is Fedora Core 2 Linux-Wireless network Context-Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Single-Context

Application type Technology Architecture Micro-Blog (Gaonkar et al. 2008) Social network: Communicatio n and collaboration J 2 ME and Nokia N 95 for hybrid client side, the server is built using My. SQL, Wireless And Google Maps or Microsoft Sensor Map Info. Radar (Rantanen et al. 2004) Social network: PDA, GPS and radar Communicatio metaphor n and Collaboration centralized Usage Context model sharing, location and time browsing, and of the device querying global information in SMS format and Photos text message: SMS format and multimedia elements location of mobile phone and time which represent lifespan Context-Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Double-Context

Application type Technology Architecture Usage Context model Context mediated social awareness (Bardram and Hansen, 2004) Social network: Communication and collaboration PDA for the client and GPRS to communicate with server hybrid messaging: text, audio, video, multimedia the messaging time, the user’s location, personal status, and activity Context aware communication with Live Contacts (Hofte et al. 2004) Social Network: Communication and collaboration the clients hybrid implemented in C# , the server is Microsoft. NET and uses GPRS to connect with GSM Messaging technique (text, voice, video, multimedia) location, time from the user, instant messaging status, current and near future calendar appointments, and color coded availability Context-Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Multi-Context

Application type Technology Using semantic web technology for ubiquitous location modeling(Stahl and Heckmann, 2004) Social network: Mobile, IR- GPS, Communication sensors, and Collaboration Semantic OWL, Yamamoto and URIs Framework for mobile context based messaging applications(Antti and Timo, 2007) Social network: Communication and collaboration Architecture Usage Context model hybrid provide text information, presentation of audio and visual media output location, User characteristics, any situational context (event, objects) and Map Text message: SMS format and Multimedia elements location, time and Application services J 2 ME, XML, JSR- centralized 179 Location API and GPS locator device. Context-Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Multi-Context

• In summary, the number of types of context being used in the application varies with time to time and with application to application. • In recently year we notice that the use of the number of different types of context in applications increased significantly as compare to the previous years.

Proposal for Assist-Me System • Emergency systems refer to the measures that we put in place in order to help us effectively deal with disasters within the society • Modern technology such as remote sensing with the use of wireless devices increases the chances of detecting slight changes in the environment. • The use modern technology in disaster management simplifies decision making saving time and providing help where necessary.

Spatial relations (Enclosing Space) • Spatial data models where the use of geographic information system (GIS) in providing information concerning current events is increasingly attracting global interest in a number of fields. • spatial can be anything that are related to a certain area or space not necessary physically geographic such as the human activities as going to the farm. • Spatial awareness allows the system to autonomously resolve and use its spatial properties to relate these properties to the spatial properties of other systems

Typical Disaster Scenario Flooding Scenario

The Spatial Relation between Clients Figure 8. The Server Grouping the Clients

The Spatial Relation between Clients and Danger Zones FIRE Client in Red Zone Client in Yellow Zone Client in Blue Zone 100 m Red 200 m Zone Yello w 300 m Zone Blue Zone Figure $. The Relation between the Clients and the Danger Zones.

The Spatial Relation between Clients and Rescuers Client Rescuer Figure. The Relation between Clients and Rescuer

The Spatial Relation between Clients and Main Points of Interest Figure. The Relation between Clients and Main Points of Interest

System Ontology Emergency_Situation 1 1 * Danger_zone tai Co n ion at n * * has_location 1 loc ns _lo ca tio ha s ca Actors lo s_ * 1 ha 1 tio n involves 1 ha s_ 1 on ha s_ Stage ati loc at * s_ ha ion has_stage Region 1 * * Point_of_interest Figure. The System General Ontology 1 White_zone

Future work • Developing the ontology. • Evaluating the ontology. • Implementation & performance measurements.

Thank you