CONTENTS 10 1 Active sentences and passive sentences

CONTENTS 10 -1 Active sentences and passive sentences 10 -2 Form of the passive 10 -3 Transitive and intransitive verbs 10 -4 Using the by-phrase 10 -5 The passive forms of the present and past progressive 10 -6 Passive modal auxiliaries 10 -7 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive) 10 -8 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing 10 -9 Get + adjective; get + past participle 10 -10 Using be used/accustomed to and get … 10 -11 Used to vs. be used to 10 -12 Using be supposed to 1

10 -1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES The chair is being made by the carpenter. 2

10 -1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES (a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood. same meaning (b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the carpenter. 3

10 -1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES ACTIVE: S O (c) Carol sold the house. PASSIVE: by + O S (d) The house was sold by Carol. object of active subject of passive object of by 4

10 -2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE Fuel is burned by cars 5

10 -2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (a) Coffee is (b) The raise was grown by farmers. given by the boss. (c) The photo will be printed by Alex. 6

10 -2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE SIMPLE PRESENT Cars burn fuel. Fuel is burned by cars. SIMPLE PAST The raise thrilled Ben was thrilled by the raise. PRESENT PERFECT Al has printed the photo. The photo has been printed by Al. FUTURE New cars will save fuel. Fuel will be saved by cars. 7

10 -1, 10 -2 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE The squirrel gathered the nuts. PASSIVE The nuts were gathered by the squirrel. 8

10 -1, 10 -2 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Matthew painted the wall. PASSIVE The wall was painted by Matthew. 9

10 -1, 10 -2 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE The voters will determine the election results. PASSIVE The election results will be determined by the voters. 10

10 -3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS Erica sneezed. 11

10 -3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (a) TRANSITIVE S Janet They V earned saw (b) INTRANSITIVE S O the promotion. the accident. V A problem occurred. They arrived late. TRANSITIVE verb + object INTRANSITIVE verb + object 12

10 -3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (c) TRANSITIVE VERBS Janet earned the promotion. PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet. ACTIVE: (d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS ACTIVE: Birds fly. PASSIVE: (not possible) (e) INCORRECT: Birds are fly. 13

10 -3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (c) TRANSITIVE VERBS Janet earned the promotion. PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet. ACTIVE: (d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS ACTIVE: Birds fly. PASSIVE: (not possible) transitive verbs intransitive verbs passive okay no passive 14

10 -3 LET’S PRACTICE transitive intransitive ? It rained yesterday. 15

10 -3 LET’S PRACTICE transitive intransitive ? Eva won a medal. A medal was won by Eva. PASSIVE: ____________ 16

10 -3 LET’S PRACTICE transitive intransitive ? Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. PASSIVE: The ____________ World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. ____________ 17

10 -4 USING THE BY- PHRASE This painting was done by my mother. 18

10 -4 USING THE BY- PHRASE (a) This desk was made by Manuel. by phrase important information 19

10 -4 USING THE BY- PHRASE (b) This desk was made in Taiwan. (c) Corn is eaten in many places. (d) That apartment was built in 2007. (e) Spanish is spoken in many countries. usually NO by-phrase 20

10 -4 USING THE BY- PHRASE ACTIVE (f) My mother is a great artist. She painted many beautiful portraits. PASSIVE (g) This painting was done by my mother. That one was done by her friend. focus by-phrase my mother focus on subjects 21

10 -4 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. PASSIVE Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 22

10 -4 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Many students use computers. PASSIVE Computers are used by many students. 23

10 -4 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Tina taught me how to knit. PASSIVE I was taught to knit by Tina. 24

10 -5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE A photo is being taken by Elton. 25

10 -5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE ACTIVE He is taking photos. PASSIVE (a) Photos are being taken by him. She is writing a book. (b) A book is being written by her. 26

10 -5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE ACTIVE He is taking photos. PASSIVE (a) Photos are being taken by him. She is writing a book. (b) A book is being written by her. present progressive: passive form am + being + past participle is are 27

10 -5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE He was taking photos. (c) Photos were being taken by him. She was writing a book. (d) A book was being written by her. past progressive: passive form was were + being + past participle 28

10 -5 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Two great teams are playing hockey. PASSIVE Hockey is being played by two great teams. 29

10 -5 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Someone was building a guest house in Bhutan. PASSIVE A guest house was being built in Bhutan. 30

10 -5 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Alan is studying the memo. PASSIVE The memo is being studied by Alan. 31

10 -6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES Lin will e-mail you. 32

10 -6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES ACTIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES Lin will send it. Lin can send it. Lin must send it. Lin may send it. It will be sent by Lin. It can be sent by Lin. It must be sent by Lin. It may be sent by Lin. FORM: modal + be + past participle 33

10 -6 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS Someone must mow the grass today. PASSIVE MODALS must be mowed today This grass _________. 34

10 -6 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS You should not feed candy to babies. PASSIVE MODALS should not be fed candy Babies ___________. 35

10 -6 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS People cannot control hurricanes. PASSIVE MODALS Hurricanes cannot be controlled. _____________ 36

10 -7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (STATIVE PASSIVE) Lily is pleased with her life. 37

10 -7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (STATIVE PASSIVE) BE + ADJECTIVE (a) Lily is (b) Lily is (c) Lily is brave. short. healthy. BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (d) Lily is (e) Lily is (f) Lily is divorced. excited. pleased. like an adjective 38

10 -7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (STATIVE PASSIVE) (g) Lily is divorced from Jack. (h) Lily was happy with her career. (i) Lily will be excited for the trip. past particular participle + prepositions + object 39

10 -7 LET’S PRACTICE married Jenny is _____ married to Grant. 40

10 -7 LET’S PRACTICE happy with her new laptop. Alma is _____ 41

10 -7 LET’S PRACTICE young Abe is 17. young for He seems ______ his age. 42

10 -8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING Emma makes pottery. I am interested in making pottery. 43

10 -8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING (a) I am interested in pottery. INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery. (b) Pottery is interesting. INCORRECT: Pottery is interested. past participle present participle feelings cause of feeling 44

10 -8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING Ben was thrilled with the promotion. (c) Ben was thrilled. (d) The promotion was thrilling. past participle present participle passive meaning cause of feeling 45

10 -8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING (e) I heard some disappointing news. (f) Jill read the shortened version of the book. participial adjectives nouns 46

10 -8 LET’S PRACTICE surprised surprising Gail Gwen surprising Gwen’s news must be _____. surprised Gail looks very _____. 47

10 -8 LET’S PRACTICE amazed amazing The Great Wall is ____. Most people are truly ____ amazed when they first see it. 48

10 -8 LET’S PRACTICE Some bugs are scary. terrifying This spider is ____! terrified terrifying I wonder if it is ____ terrified of anything? 49

10 -9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE People often get thirsty when they exercise. 50

10 -9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE GET + ADJECTIVE (a) I am getting thirsty. (b) Fahad got angry at him. GET ADJECTIVE change, beginning to be 51

10 -9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE (c) I’m getting worried. (d) My friend and his wife got divorced. GET PAST PARTICIPLE like an adjective, describes subject 52

10 -9 LET’S PRACTICE get + sleep got sleepy while he was working. He ______ 53

10 -9 LET’S PRACTICE get + frustrated is getting frustrated with his work. He _________ 54

10 -9 LET’S PRACTICE get + cold got cold early this year. It ____ 55

10 -10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO We are used to driving in traffic. 56

10 -10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (a) We are used to this city. same meaning (b) We are accustomed to this city. 57

10 -10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (c) We are used to living in this city. (d) We are accustomed to living in this city. to + -ing form (gerund) 58

10 -10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have never lived in this city before, but I am getting used to (accustomed to) it. beginning to feel normal 59

10 -10 LET’S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) I always go to the beach. I _____ am used to the sand sea. 60

10 -10 LET’S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) I’m confused. I _______ am not used to this new computer. 61

10 -10 LET’S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) Maybe I’ll call Eva. She is _______ used to this type of computer. 62

10 -11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO He used to eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian. 63

10 -11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO (a) He used to eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian. INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat. INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat. habitual past used to + simple form of verb 64

10 -11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO (b) He is used to eating meat. be used to + -ing form of verb (gerund) 65

10 -11 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø When I was young, I often went skiing. I ____ was used to skiing back then. 66

10 -11 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø I _____ Ø used to like skiing, but now I prefer snowboarding. 67

10 -11 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø am used to snowboarding. Now, I ____ 68

10 -12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO You were supposed to clean out the garage this morning. 69

10 -12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (a) The flight is supposed to leave in 10 minutes. I expect the flight to leave in 10 minutes. 70

10 -12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (a) The flight is supposed to leave in 10 minutes. (b) I am supposed to write to Jim. an expectation 71

10 -12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (c) The flight was supposed to leave at 4: 30. expected event didn’t occur 72

10 -12 LET’S PRACTICE be supposed to I expect to get email today. am supposed to get email today. I _______ 73

10 -12 LET’S PRACTICE be supposed to They were expected to arrive on May 4, but they came on May 6. They ________ were supposed to arrive on May 6. 74

10 -12 LET’S PRACTICE be supposed to I expected you to call me at noon! were You ______ supposed to ______ call me at noon! 75

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