CONTENTS 10 1 Active sentences and passive sentences
- Slides: 70
CONTENTS 10 -1 Active sentences and passive sentences 10 -2 Form of the passive 10 -3 Transitive and intransitive verbs 10 -4 Using the by-phrase 10 -5 Passive modal auxiliaries 10 -6 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive) 10 -7 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing 10 -8 Get + adjective; get + past participle 10 -9 Using be used/accustomed to and get … 10 -10 Used to vs. be used to 10 -11 Using be supposed to 1
10 -1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES The chair is being made by the carpenter. 2
10 -1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES (a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood. same meaning (b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the carpenter. 3
10 -1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES ACTIVE: S O (c) Carol sold the house. PASSIVE: by + O S (d) The house was sold by Carol. object of active subject of passive object of by 4
10 -2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE Cars are driven by people. 5
10 -2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (a) Cars are (b) The award was driven by people. given by the boss. (c) The book will be published by Pearson. 6
10 -2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE SIMPLE PRESENT People drive cars. Cars are driven by people. SIMPLE PAST The new job thrilled Tim was thrilled by the new job. 7
10 -2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE The boys are eating the cookies. The cookies are being eaten by the boys. PAST PROGRESSIVE Jamal washing the dishes. The dishes were being washed by Jamal. 8
10 -2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE PRESENT PERFECT Al has printed the photo. The photo has been printed by Al. FUTURE Talya will make the announcement. The announcement will be made by Talya. 9
10 -1, 10 -2 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE The squirrel gathered the nuts. PASSIVE The nuts were gathered by the squirrel. 10
10 -1, 10 -2 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Matthew painted the wall. PASSIVE The wall was painted by Matthew. 11
10 -1, 10 -2 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE The voters will determine the election results. PASSIVE The election results will be determined by the voters. 12
10 -3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS Erica sneezed. 13
10 -3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (a -c) TRANSITIVE S Janet They V earned saw (d-f) INTRANSITIVE S O the promotion. the accident. V A problem occurred. They arrived late. TRANSITIVE verb + object INTRANSITIVE verb + object 14
10 -3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (g) (h) Janet earned the promotion. PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet. ACTIVE: INTRANSITIVE VERBS (i) (j) Birds fly. PASSIVE: (Not possible) ACTIVE: (k) INCORRECT: Birds are fly. 15
10 -3 LET’S PRACTICE transitive intransitive ? It rained yesterday. 16
10 -3 LET’S PRACTICE transitive intransitive ? Eva won a medal. A medal was won by Eva. PASSIVE: ____________ 17
10 -3 LET’S PRACTICE transitive intransitive ? Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. PASSIVE: The ____________ World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. ____________ 18
10 -4 USING THE BY- PHRASE This painting was done by my mother. 19
10 -4 USING THE BY- PHRASE (a) This desk was made by Manuel. by phrase important information 20
10 -4 USING THE BY- PHRASE (b) This desk was made in Taiwan. (c) Corn is eaten in many places. (d) That apartment was built in 2007. (e) Spanish is spoken in many countries. usually NO by-phrase 21
10 -4 USING THE BY- PHRASE ACTIVE (f) My mother is a great artist. She painted many beautiful portraits. PASSIVE (g) This painting was done by my mother. That one was done by her friend. focus by-phrase my mother focus on subjects 22
10 -4 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. PASSIVE Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 23
10 -4 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Many students use computers. PASSIVE Computers are used by many students. 24
10 -4 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE Tina taught me how to knit. PASSIVE I was taught to knit by Tina. 25
10 -5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES Lin will e-mail you. 26
10 -5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES ACTIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES Lin will send it. Lin can send it. Lin must send it. Lin may send it. It will be sent by Lin. It can be sent by Lin. It must be sent by Lin. It may be sent by Lin. FORM: modal + be + past participle 27
10 -5 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS Someone must mow the grass today. PASSIVE MODALS must be mowed today This grass _________. 28
10 -5 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS You should not feed candy to babies. PASSIVE MODALS should not be fed candy Babies ___________. 29
10 -5 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS People cannot control hurricanes. PASSIVE MODALS Hurricanes cannot be controlled. _____________ 30
10 -6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE) Lily is pleased with her life. 31
10 -6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE) BE + ADJECTIVE (a) Lily is (b) Lily is (c) Lily is brave. short. healthy. BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (d) Lily is (e) Lily is (f) Lily is divorced. excited. pleased. like an adjective 32
10 -6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE) (g) Lily is divorced from Jack. (h) Lily was happy with her career. (i) Lily will be excited for the trip. past particular participle + prepositions + object 33
10 -6 LET’S PRACTICE married Jenny is _____ married to Grant. 34
10 -6 LET’S PRACTICE happy with her new laptop. Alma is _____ 35
10 -6 LET’S PRACTICE young Abe is 17. young for He seems ______ his age. 36
10 -7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING Emma makes pottery. I am interested in making pottery. 37
10 -7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING (a) I am interested in pottery. INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery. (b) Pottery is interesting. INCORRECT: Pottery is interested. past participle present participle feelings cause of feeling 38
10 -7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING Ben was thrilled with the promotion. (c) Ben was thrilled. (d) The promotion was thrilling. past participle present participle passive meaning cause of feeling 39
10 -7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING (e) I heard some disappointing news. (f) Jill read the shortened version of the book. participial adjectives nouns 40
10 -7 LET’S PRACTICE surprised surprising Gail Gwen surprising Gwen’s news must be _____. surprised Gail looks very _____. 41
10 -7 LET’S PRACTICE amazed amazing The Great Wall is ____. Most people are truly ____ amazed when they first see it. 42
10 -7 LET’S PRACTICE Some bugs are scary. terrifying This spider is ____! terrified terrifying I wonder if it is ____ terrified of anything? 43
10 -8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE People often get thirsty when they exercise. 44
10 -8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE GET + ADJECTIVE (a) I am getting thirsty. (b) Fahad got angry at him. GET ADJECTIVE change, beginning to be 45
10 -8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE (c) I’m getting worried. (d) My friend and his wife got divorced. GET PAST PARTICIPLE like an adjective, describes subject 46
10 -8 LET’S PRACTICE get + sleep got sleepy while he was working. He ______ 47
10 -8 LET’S PRACTICE get + frustrated is getting frustrated with his work. He _________ 48
10 -8 LET’S PRACTICE get + cold got cold early this year. It ____ 49
10 -9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO We are used to driving in traffic. 50
10 -9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (a) We are used to this city. same meaning (b) We are accustomed to this city. 51
10 -9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (c) We are used to living in this city. (d) We are accustomed to living in this city. to + -ing form (gerund) 52
10 -9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have never lived in this city before, but I am getting used to (accustomed to) it. beginning to feel normal 53
10 -9 LET’S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) I always go to the beach. I _____ am used to the sand sea. 54
10 -9 LET’S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) I’m confused. I _______ am not used to this new computer. 55
10 -9 LET’S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) Maybe I’ll call Eva. She is _______ used to this type of computer. 56
10 -10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO He used to eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian. 57
10 -10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO (a) He used to eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian. INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat. INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat. habitual past used to + simple form of verb 58
10 -10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO (b) He is used to eating meat. be used to + -ing form of verb (gerund) 59
10 -10 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø When I was young, I often went skiing. I ____ was used to skiing back then. 60
10 -10 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø I _____ Ø used to like skiing, but now I prefer snowboarding. 61
10 -10 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø am used to snowboarding. Now, I ____ 62
10 -11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO You were supposed to clean out the garage this morning. 63
10 -11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (a) The flight is supposed to leave in 10 minutes. I expect the flight to leave in 10 minutes. 64
10 -11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (a) The flight is supposed to leave in 10 minutes. (b) I am supposed to write to Jim. an expectation 65
10 -11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (c) The flight was supposed to leave at 4: 30. expected event didn’t occur 66
10 -11 LET’S PRACTICE be supposed to I expect to get email today. am supposed to get email today. I _______ 67
10 -11 LET’S PRACTICE be supposed to They were expected to arrive on May 4, but they came on May 6. They ________ were supposed to arrive on May 6. 68
10 -11 LET’S PRACTICE be supposed to I expected you to call me at noon! were You ______ supposed to ______ call me at noon! 69
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