content CISG Introduction to CISG Scope of Application

主要内容 content • CISG简介 • Introduction to CISG • 适用的范围 • Scope of Application • 合同的订立 • Formation of Contract • 双方的义务 • Obligation of Parties • 违约的救济 • Remedies • 风险的转移 • Passing of Risks • 免责的事由 • Excuses for Non-performance 12/07/2017 2

CISG简介 Introduction to CISG • 1964年海牙外交会议通过 • Hague diplomatic conference • 《国际货物买卖统一法公约》 • Uniform Law for the Int’l Sale of Goods (ULIS) • 《国际货物买卖合同成立统一法公约》 • Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the Int’l Sale of Goods (ULF) -- The Int'l Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) • 联合国国际贸易法委员会 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(1980) • 截止 2017年 11月30日，88个缔约方 • United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) The UN Convention on Contracts for the Int’l Sale of Goods (1980) (CISG) • 88 contracting states 12/07/2017 3

Case Law on UNCITRAL Texts (CLOUT) http: //www. uncitral. org/clout/index. jspx 12/07/2017 4

CISG简介 Introduction to CISG • 公约共分为四个部分： The Structure of the CISG （1）适用范围和一般规定； （2）合同的成立； Part I Sphere of application and General Provisions （3）货物买卖； Part II Formation of the Contract （4）最后条款。 Part III Sale of Goods 全文共 101条。 Part IV Final Provisions 12/07/2017 5

适用范围和一般规定 Sphere of application and General Provisions 2017年 12月7日 12/07/2015 6

Scope of Application 适用范围 自动适用于国际货物销售合同 int'l sale of goods 国际性：营业地标准 + 与公约的关系 《公约》第一条 （１）本公约适用于营业地在 不同国家的当事人之间所订立 的货物销售合同： （a）如果这些国家是缔约国； 或 （b）如果国际私法规则导致 适用某一缔约国的法律。 (a) 直接适用 (b) 间接适用 Article 1: (1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States: (a) when the States are Contracting States; or (b) when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State. 12/07/2017 7

Scope of Application 适用范围 国际货物销售 int'l sale of goods 排除的货物销售 • 《公约》第二条 本公约不适用于以下的销售： 不适用于 • （a）购供私人、家人或家庭使用的货 物的销售. . . • （b）经由拍卖的销售； • （c）根据法律执行令状或其他令状的 销售； • （d）公债、股票、投资证券、流通票 据或货币的销售； • （e）船舶、船只、气垫船或飞机的销 售； • （f）电力的销售 Article 2 This Convention does not apply to sales: (a) of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such use; (b) by auction; (c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law; (d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or money; (e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft; (f) of electricity. 12/07/2017 8

Scope of Application 适用范围 国际货物销售 int'l sale of goods 适用于定制的货物 - 排除服务 第三条 （１）供应尚待制造或生产的货 物的合同应视为销售合同，除非 订购货物的当事人保证供应这种 制造或生产所需要的大部分重要 材料。 （２）本公约不适用于供应货物 的一方的绝大部分义务在于供应 劳力或其他服务的合同。 Article 3 (1) Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced are to be considered sales unless the party who orders the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture or production. (2) This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the obligations of the party who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labor or other services. 12/07/2017 9

Scope of Application 适用范围 国际货物销售 int'l sale of goods 不涉及的事项 公约不涉及以下三个问题： • 合同的效力 • 所有权的转移 • 致人死亡或受伤的产品责任 Article 4. . . , it is not concerned with: (a) the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage; (b) the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold. Article 5 This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or personal injury caused by the goods to any person. 12/07/2017 10

适用范围 Scope of Application 12/07/2017 11

Scope of Application 适用范围 跳出opt-out和跳入opt-in 《公约》没有适用的强制性： 1、允许排除 2、也可以删减或变更 Opt-out capacity Article 6 The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or, … derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions. This Contract shall be governed by and construed under German law. This Contract shall be governed by and construed under the Law of the P. R. C. , not including the CISG. 12/07/2017 12

适用范围 Scope of Application 跳出opt-out和跳入opt-in Notwithstanding article 39(1) of the United Nations Conventionon Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, the parties agree thatthe buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of conformity of the goods if he does not give notice to the seller specifying the nature of the lack of conformity within FOURTEEN (14) DAYS after he has discovered it or ought to have discovered it. 12/07/2017 13

一般规定 General Rules • Level 1 text • Level 2 text • Level 3 text • Level 4 text 12/07/2017 14

合同的解释 Interpretation of Contract The Peanuts Case: • a Chinese seller • an Indonesian buyer • The L/C's issuing date In Chinese: "the L/C shall arrive to the seller 15 days before the month of the loading time" In English: "the L/C must reach the seller 15 days before the commencement of the shipping period". • The English description and the Chinese description have the same force. 12/07/2017 15

合同的解释 Interpretation of Contract • CIETEC • It was more reasonable, though, that the issuing date was the one expressed in the English version. According to the Tribunal the contract was a standard contract provided by the seller, which should be liable for the consistency of the English and Chinese version pursuant to article 8 CISG. The Tribunal further held that the seller did not deliver the goods during the shipping period, in accordance with the contract, as the letter of credit did not reach it in the stipulated period. In this respect the buyer breached the contract, since it did not issue the L/C as per the agreement with the seller. The Arbitration Tribunal finally noted that the buyer did not prove it actually suffered any loss from the seller's breach of contract. According to the Tribunal there was no evidence that the seller knew or should have known that the buyer would incur an exempted custom-duty loss when it signed the contract (article 74 CISG). Therefore, the Tribunal dismissed the buyer's claim for losses, but ordered the seller to compensate the buyer for the cost of issuing and confirming the L/C. 12/07/2017 16

合同的解释 Interpretation of Contract • Classification of issues present • APPLICATION OF CISG: Yes • APPLICABLE CISG PROVISIONS AND ISSUES • Key CISG provisions at issue: Articles 8 ; 74 • Classification of issues using UNCITRAL classification code numbers: • 8 A [Interpretation of party's statement or other conduct: contra proferentum rule applied (interpretation against the party who supplied the language)]; • 74 A ; 74 B [General rules for measuring damages: loss suffered as consequence of breach; Outer limits of damages: foreseeability of loss] • Descriptors: Intent ; Damages ; Foreseeability of damages 12/07/2017 17

合同的订立 Formation of Contract 2017年 12月7日 12/07/2015 18

Formation of Contract 合同的订立 • 要约 • offer 区分要约邀请 • Art 14 (1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance. • Effectiveness: time of arrival • Withdrawal: before/at the same time of arrival • Revocation: before acceptance exceptions: firm offer/reliance • Termination: upon rejection 12/07/2017 19

Formation of Contract 合同的订立 • 承诺 • acceptance 区分反要约 • Article 18 Acceptance is a statement or conduct by the offeree indicating his/her unconditional assent to the contract terms that is communicated to the offeror. . . . the counteroffer kills the original offer. • a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additional or different terms which do not materially alter the terms of the offer constitutes an mirror-image rule acceptance battle of forms last shot rule • Additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party's liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter the terms of the offer materially. • late acceptance 12/07/2017 20

双方的义务 Obligation of the Parties 2017年 12月7日 12/07/2015 22

卖方的义务: • 交付：按合同约定交付货物和相关单 据并转移所有权 （35条） • 品质担保：数量、质量、规格、包装 Seller's Obligations • Delivery of conforming goods and related documentsand transfer the property in goods • warranties: 适用于货物通常使用的目的 warranty of merchantibility； 适用于买方的特殊目的 warranty of special purpose; 符合样品或模型 conforming to models or samples 足以保全货物的包装 adequate package 权利担保: • free from third party claims 所有权担保：卖方所交付的货物必须是 • The seller must deliver goods which are 第三方不能提出任何权利或要求的货物， free from any right or claim of a third party, 除非买方同意在这种权利或要求下，收取 unless the buyer agreed to take the goods 货物。. . . （41条） subject to that right or claim. . . . 比较：《合同法》132 条第 1款：“出卖的标 的物，应当属于出卖人所有或者出卖人有 权处分。”第 150条　出卖人就交付的标的 物，负有保证第三人不得向买受人主张任 何权利的义务，但法律另有规定的除外。 • claim: the assertion of an existing right; a demand for mn, property or a legal remey to which one asserts a right. [Black's, pp. 281 -282] 12/07/2017 23

卖方的义务: • 权利担保 知识产权担保 Seller's Obligations • free from third party claims • (1) The seller must deliver goods which 卖方所交付的货物，必须是第三方 are free from any right or claim of a third 不能根据 业产权或其他知识产权主张 party based on industrial property or 任何权利或要求的货物，但以卖方在订 other intellectual property, of which at the 立合同时已知道或不可能不知道的权利 time of the conclusion of the contract the 或要求为限，而且这种权利或要求根据 seller knew or could not have been 以下国家的法律规定是以 业产权或其 unaware, provided that the right or claim 他知识产权为基础的：(a)如果双方当 is based on industrial property or other 事人在订立合同时预期货物将在某一国 境内转售或做其他使用，则根据. . . 转售 intellectual property: (a) under the law of 或使用国的法律；或(b)在任何其他情 the State where the goods will be resold 况下，根据买方营业地所在国家的法律。 or otherwise used, if it was contemplated (2)卖方在上一款中的义务不适用于以 by the parties at the time of the 下情况：(a)买方在订立合同时已知道 conclusion of the contract that the goods 或不可能不知道此项权利或要求；或者 would be resold or otherwise used in that (b)此项权利或要求的发生，是由于卖 State; or (b) in any other case, under the 方要遵照买方所提供的技术图样、图案、 law of the State where the buyer has his 款式或其他规格。 place of business. 12/07/2017 24

违约的救济 Remedies 2017年 12月7日 12/07/2015 26

买方的救济 The Buyer’s Remedies 第四十五条 （１）如果卖方不履行他在合同和 本公约中的任何义务，买方可以： 　　（ａ）行使第四十六条至第五 十二条所规定的权利； 　　（ｂ）按照第七十四条至第七 十七条的规定，要求损害赔偿。 • Article 45 （２）买方可能享有的要求损害赔 偿的任何权利，不因他行使采取其 它补救办法的权利而丧失。 （３）如果买方对违反合同采取某 种补救办法，法院或仲裁庭不得给 予卖方宽限期。 47: grace period (1) If the seller fails to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention, the buyer may: (a) exercise the rights provided in articles 46 to 52; (b) claim damages as provided in articles 74 to 77. 46: specific performance 48: seller's right to cure 49: avoidance of contract 50: reduction of price 51: remedies to partial breach 52: early delivery & excessive quantity cumulative and immediate remedies 74 -77 damages

买方的救济：实际履行 第二十八条　 如果按照本公约的规定，一方当 事人有权要求另一方当事人履行 某一义务，法院没有义务做出判 决，要求具体履行此一义务，除 非法院依照其本身的法律对不属 本公约范围的类似销售合同愿意 这样做。 Specific performance • Article 28 If, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, one party is entitled to require performance of any obligation by the other party, a court is not bound to enter a judgement for specific performance unless the court would (≠could) do so under its own law in respect of similar contracts of sale not governed by this Convention.

买方的救济：实际履行 第四十六条 （１）买方可以要求卖方履行义务， 除非买方已采取与此一要求相抵触 的某种补救办法。 （２）如果货物不符合同，买方只 有在此种不符合同情形构成根本违 反合同时，才可以要求交付替代货 物，. . . (通知)。 （３）如果货物不符合同，买方可 以要求卖方通过修理对不符合同之 处做出补救，. . . (通知) Specific performance • Article 46 • (1) The buyer may require performance by the seller of his obligations unless the buyer has resorted to a remedy which is inconsistent with this requirement. • (2) If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer may require delivery of substitute goods only if the lack of conformity constitutes a fundamental breach of contract. . . • (3) . . . make repair. . .

Remedies • 根本违约的概念 • Article 25 • 第二十五条 A breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental if it results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result. 　　一方当事人违反合同的结果，如使 另一方当事人蒙受损害，以致于实际上 剥夺了他根据合同规定有权期待得到的 东西，即为根本违反合同，除非违反合 同一方并不预知而且一个同等资格、通 情达理的人处于相同情况中也没有理由 预知会发生这种结果。 【结果主义标准+可预见性（主客观双重 标准、时间点不明）】 建议：在合同中约定或在谈判过程中强 调某一义务的重要性。 12/07/2017 30

宣告合同无效的近义词 Remedies • recission, abrogation: 指国家专门机关、社会团体依职权撤销一个文件、法律、 条约或规章制度，属公法上的行为；[公约草案使用了abrogation] • 美国UCC： • cancellation: termination of of a promise or obligation. • cancellation clause: also termed termination clause. [Black's, p. 234] • avoidance是（因违约）解除、免除、撤销（合同） 12/07/2017 33

买方的救济: 宣告合同无效 Declare the contract avoided • 第四十九条 • Article 49 （１）买方在以下情况下可以宣告合同 无效： (1) The buyer may declare the contract avoided: 　（ａ）卖方不履行其在合同或本公约 中的任何义务，等于根本违反合同；或 （ｂ）如果发生不交货的情况，卖方 不在买方按照第四十七条第（１）款规 定的额外时间内交付货物，或卖方声明 他将不在所规定的时间内交付货物。 (a) if the failure by the seller to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental breach of contract; or (b) in case of non-delivery, if the seller does not deliver the goods within the additional period of time fixed by the buyer in accordance with paragraph (1) of article 47 or declares that he will not deliver within the period so fixed. (non-delivery after nachfrist period) 12/07/2017 34

买方的救济: 要求减价 • 第五十条　如果货物不符合同，不论 价款是否已付，买方都可以减低价格， 减价按实际交付的货物在交货时的价 值与符合合同的货物在当时的价值两 者之间的比例计算。但是，如果卖方 按照第三十七条或第四十八条的规定 对任何不履行义务做出补救，或者买 方拒绝接受卖方按照该两条规定履行 义务，则买方不得减低价格。 • 减价比例 • 交付货物的价值/符合合同货物的价值 Reduction in Price • Article 50 If the goods do not conform with the contract and whether or not the price has already been paid, the buyer may reduce the price in the same proportion as the value that the goods actually delivered had at the time of the delivery bears to the value that conforming goods would have had at that time. However, if the seller remedies any failure to perform his obligations in accordance with article 37 or article 48 or if the buyer refuses to accept performance by the seller in accordance with those articles, the buyer may not reduce the price. 12/07/2017 36

买方的救济 • • • (1) 要求实际履行 (2) 宣告合同无效 (3) 要求减价 (4) 拒收提前的交付 (5) 拒收超量的交付 • (6) damages 注意：对于提前交付，买方可以以卖 方的名义领取货物（第 86条，保全 货物的义务），但应保留索赔权， 避免被认定为以默示的行为同意卖 方对交货期的修改 Buyer's Remedies • (1) to compel specific performance • (2) to avoid the contract for fundamental breach or nondelivery after nachfrist notice • (3) to reduce the price • (4) to refuse early delivery • (5) to refuse excess quantities • (6) damages

卖方的救济 • • 实际履行 (Art 62) 给予买方宽限期(Art 63) 宣告合同无效(Art 64) 要求买方订明规格 (Art 65) The Seller’s Remedies • Requesting “specific performance” (Art 62) • Fixing an additional period of time for the buyer to perform (Art 63) • Declaring the contract avoided (Art 64) • Acquiring missing specifications (Art 65)

Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers 买卖双方义务的一般规定 • (1) 中止履行; • (1) Suspension of performance; • (2) 预期根本违约时宣告合同无 效; • (2) Avoidance in anticipation of a fundamental breach; • (3) 对分批交货合同的处理：对 某一批次、未来批次或整批次宣 告无效; • (3) Avoidance of an installment contract; • (4) 损害赔偿. • (4) Damages.

Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers 买卖双方义务的一般规定 • 第七十一条 • 　　（１）如果订立合同后，另一方 当事人由于下列原因显然将不履行其 大部分重要义务，一方当事人可以中 止履行义务： • 　　（ａ）他履行义务的能力或他的 信用有严重缺陷；或 • 　　（ｂ）他在准备履行合同或履行 合同中的行为 • . . . • （3）中止履行义务的一方当事人不论 是在货物发运前还是发运后，都必须 立即通知另一方当事人，如经另一方 当事人对履行义务提供充分保证，则 他必须继续履行义务。 • Article 71 (1) A party may suspend the performance of his obligations if, after the conclusion of the contract, it becomes apparent that the other party will not perform a substantial part of his obligations as a result of: • (a) a serious deficiency in his ability to perform or in his creditworthiness; or • (b) his conduct in preparing to perform or in performing the contract. . . . (3) A party suspending performance, whether before or after dispatch of the goods, must immediately give notice of the suspension to the other party and must continue with performance if the other party provides adequate 41 12/07/2017 assurance of his performance.

Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers 买卖双方义务的一般规定 • Article 72 • 　　（１）如果在履行合同日期之前， • (1) If prior to the date for performance of the contract it is 明显看出一方当事人将根本违反合同， clear that one of the parties will 另一方当事人可以宣告合同无效。 commit a fundamental breach of contract, the other party may • 　　（２）如果时间许可，打算宣告 declare the contract avoided. 合同无效的一方当事人必须向另一方 当事人发出合理的通知，使他可以对 • (2) If time allows, the party intending 履行义务提供充分保证。 to declare the contract avoided • . . . must give reasonable notice to the other party in order to permit him to provide adequate assurance of his performance. • 第七十二条 • . . . 12/07/2017 42

Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers 买卖双方义务的一般规定 ：损害赔偿 第七十四条　一方当事人违反 合同应负的损害赔偿额，应与 另一方当事人因他违反合同而 遭受的包括利润在内的损失额 相等。这种损害赔偿不得超过 违反合同一方在订立合同时， 依照他当时已知道或理应知道 的事实和情况，对违反合同预 料到或理应预料到的可能损失。 我国《合同法》第 113条规定： 违约方的责任“不得超过违反合 同的一方订立合同时预见到或 者应当预见到的因违反合同可 能造成的损失。” • Article 74 Damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum equal to the loss, including loss of profit, suffered by the other party as a consequence of the breach. Such damages may not exceed the loss which the party in breach foresaw or ought to have foreseen at the time of the conclusion of the contract, in the light of the facts and matters of which he then knew or ought to have known, as a possible consequence of the breach of contract.

Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers 买卖双方义务的一般规定 ：损害赔偿 第七十五条　 具体方法：与替代交易的差价。 第七十六条 抽象方法：合同价格与市场价 格之间的差价 Article 75 Concrete method: damages = the difference between the contract price and the “cover” (price received in the substitute transaction). Article 76 Abstract method: Damages=the difference between the contract price and the market price (current price at the time of avoidance， price at the time of taking over).

Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers 买卖双方义务的一般规定 ：避免损失扩大的义务 第七十七条　声称另一方违反 合同的一方，必须按情况采取 合理措施，减轻由于该另一方 违反合同而引起的损失，包括 利润方面的损失。如果他不采 取这种措施，违反合同一方可 以要求从损害赔偿中扣除原可 以减轻的损失数额。 • Article 77 • A party who relies on a breach of contract must take such measures as are reasonable in the circumstances to mitigate the loss, including loss of profit, resulting from the breach. If he fails to take such measures, the party in breach may claim a reduction in the damages in the amount by which the loss should have been mitigated.

风险转移 Passing of Risk 2015年 9月18日 30/10/2015 46

风险的转移 Passing of Risks • 当事人约定的国际惯例优先适用； • conventional usage prevails • 划拨前提； • Identification is a prerequisite • 一般规定：交付时风险转移； • General principle: risks pass to buyer upon delivery • 如涉及运输，货交第一承运人时转移； • 在途货物：在订立合同时转移；或在 交给签发载有运输合同单据的承运人 时起转移； • 风险转移不损害买方因根本违约而可 以采取的各种补救办法。 • For shipment contract: to the 1 st carrier • For in-transit goods: at the conclusion of contract / handing over to carrier who issued shipping documents • Even the risk passed to buyer, he is still entitled to remedies in case of a fundamental breach of contract. 12/07/2017 47

风险的转移 Passing of Risks • 当事人约定的国际惯例优先适用； • conventional usage prevails • 划拨前提； • Identification is a prerequisite • 一般规定：交付时风险转移； • General principle: risks pass to buyer upon delivery • 如涉及运输，货交第一承运人时转移； • 在途货物：在订立合同时转移；或在 交给签发载有运输合同单据的承运人 时起转移； • 如发生根本违约，风险转移不损害买 方可以采取的各种补救办法。 • For shipment contract: to the 1 st carrier • For in-transit goods: at the conclusion of contract / handing over to carrier who issued shipping documents • Even the risk passed to buyer, he is still entitled to remedies in case of a fundamental breach of contract. 12/07/2017 48

免责事由 Excuses for non-performance 2015年 9月18日 30/10/2015 49

免责事由 Excuses for Nonperformance • Article 79 (Force Majeure) • （1）当事人对不履行义务，不负责任， • (1) A party is not liable for a failure to perform any of his obligations if he 如果他能证明此种不履行义务，是由 proves that the failure was due to an impediment beyond his control and 于某种非他所能控制的障碍，而且对 that he could not reasonably be 于这种障碍，没有理由预期他在订立 expected to have taken the 合同时能考虑到或能避免或克服它或 impediment into account at the time 它的后果。 of the conclusion of the contract or to have avoided or overcome it or its consequences. • 第 79条 不可抗力 12/07/2017 50

免责事由 Excuses for Nonperformance • Article 79 (Force Majeure) （2）由于第三人的原因导致合同不能 • (2) failure by a third party：the third person must himself be able to claim 履行：第三人遭遇不可抗力 the excuse （3）持续时间：免责在障碍存在的期 • (3) during the period in which the impediment exists 间有效。（障碍消除应恢复履行） • (4) give notice （4）通知 • (5) Nothing in this article prevents （5）免除损害赔偿的责任 either party from exercising any right other than to claim damages under this Convention. • 第 79条 不可抗力 • • 12/07/2017 51

免责事由 Excuses for Nonperformance • 第 80条 ：另一方不履行 • 一方当事人因其行为或不行为而使得 另一方当事人不履行义务时，不得声 称该另一方当事人不履行义务。 • Article 80 (dirty hands) • A party may not rely on a failure of the other party to perform, to the extent that such failure was caused by the first party's act or omission. 12/07/2017 52

主要内容 content • CISG简介 • Introduction to CISG • 适用的范围 • Scope of Application • 合同的订立 • Formation of Contract • 双方的义务 • Obligation of Parties • 违约的救济 • Remedies • 风险的转移 • Passing of Risks • 免责的事由 • Excuses for Non-performance 12/07/2017 53

个人简历 Individual bio 蒙启红 Qihong Meng 哈尔滨商业大学法学院 北京大成哈尔滨律师事务所 Law School, Harbin University of Commerce Dentons Harbin LL. P Mobile: 15045111719 Email: qihong. meng@dentons. cn Wechat: ontrek 蒙启红律师在中国政法大学取得法学学士学 位，在芬兰赫尔辛基大学法学院取得法律硕士学 位（商法和合同法方向）。她目前是哈尔滨商业 大学法学院副教授，大成（哈尔滨）律师事务所 执业律师。 蒙启红律师在商事领域为客户提供广泛的法 律服务，担任多家外资企业的法律顾问。 2013至 2014年间，她在美国哥伦比亚大学法 学院做访问学者、公益法研究所研究员。在此期 间，她在纽约法律援助中心 作三个月。 2013年蒙启红律师入选中国律协涉外律师领 军人才库，并经遴选参加了其主办的西班牙（ 2014）和美国培训项目（2017）。她是黑龙江省 政府法律专家、省法学会经济法研究会副会长， 哈尔滨市仲裁委员会仲裁员。 2015年 9月18日 Qihong Meng graduated from China University of Political Science and Law with an LL. B and the Faculty of Law of the University of Helsinki with an LL. M (contract and commercial law). She is now an associate professor at the Law School of Harbin University of Commerce, and a practicing attorney at Dacheng Dentons Harbin Office. Qihong has more than ten years of experience advising clients in a wide variety of commercial law matters. She has also counseled joint-ventures. Qihong was a visiting scholar to Columbia Law School and a PILnet (Global Network for Public Interest Law) fellow from 2013 to 2014. She also has worked as an intern at New York Legal Aid Society for three months during her stay in NY. Qihong participated China International Legal Professionals Association’s training program (Spain and US). She counsels for Heilongjiang Provintial Government, and is the vice chair of Heilongjiang Economic Law Research Society. She serves as an arbitrator at Harbin Arbitration Commission. 30/10/2015 54

谢谢 Thank you 中国 哈尔�市 南岗区长江路 65号 远东商务中心5� ��： 150090 Dacheng Law Firm 5/F, Yuandong Business Center No. 65 Changjiang Road Nangang District 150090, Harbin, China 大成作为全球最大的律师事务所，为世界各地客户提 供高品质与高价值的法律服务。大成在Acritas全球精 英律所品牌指数榜上名列前茅，荣膺BTI客户服务 30强 奖项；其在客户服务方面的系列创新举措，包括创立 下一代法律实验室及下一代法律全球转介网络等，赢 得知名商业及法律媒体的广泛赞誉。大成挑战现状， 倡导多中心文化，汇聚全球优秀人才，服务客户，回 馈社会。www. dentons. com Dentons is the world's largest law firm, delivering quality and value to clients around the globe. Dentons is a leader on the Acritas Global Elite Brand Index, a BTI Client Service 30 Award winner and recognized by prominent business and legal publications for its innovations in client service, including founding Nextlaw Labs and the Nextlaw Global Referral Network. Dentons' polycentric approach and world-class talent challenge the status quo to advance client interests in the communities in which we live and work. www. dentons. com. © 2015年大成 。大成是一家全球性律师事务所，通过其成员律所及关联机构服务全球客户。本文件并非 意在提供法律或其他意见，阁下不得基于本文件内容采取或不采取任何行动。我们基于阁下愿意保守保 密协议而发送此文件给您，如果您给我们发送机密文件但未做申明，我们有可能会作为他用。 法律声明 请浏览 dentons. com. 2015年 9月18日 © 2015 Dentons is a global legal practice providing client services worldwide through its member firms and affiliates. This document is not designed to provide legal or other advice and you should not take, or refrain from taking, action based on its content. We are providing information to you on the basis you agree to keep it confidential. If you give us confidential information but do not instruct or retain us, we may act for another client on any matter to which that confidential information may be relevant. Please see dentons. com for Legal Notices. 30/10/2015 55