Content 1 Word Formations Adjective Adverb Noun Adjective

Content 1. Word Formations ▲ Adjective → Adverb ▲. Noun → Adjective ▲. Verb Noun 2. Complete a short passage

Introducing Walking in the garden helps the girl relax. Walking in the garden gives the girl relaxation. relax He is becoming more interested in learning English. His interest in learning English is developing. interest

Learning in context Can you find out the differences between the two words? • The novel is based on a true story. • I am truly sorry that things had to end like this. * We had a simple meal of soup and bread. * The book explains grammar clearly and simply. Conclusion： ⊙The speaker was given a warm welcome. 1. In every pair of words, the first word is an adjective and ⊙The playword wasiswarmly received by the critics. the second an adverb. 2. The second word is changed from the first word and ends with “ly”

Learning in context How to change adjective to adverb? ★wide → widely Add “ly”directly ★rude → rudely ★probable → probably ★angry → angrily ★lucky → luckily ★full → fully Reduce “e”and add “y” Change “y” to “ily” Add “y”

Learning in context Can you find out the differences between the two words? ⊙He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated. ⊙I was very angry with myself for making such a stupid mistake. * I have the great respect for your brother. * We were brought up to be respectful of authority. Conclusion： • Children show curiosity about everything. every pair ofcurious words, the first word is awho nounlived and the • 1. In They were very about the people second word is an adjective. upstairs. 2. The second word is changed from the first word.

Learning in context How to change the noun to the adjective? ★ N. +ful: respectful careful, faihful, useful, peaceful ★ N+y: angry, healthy, cloudy, windy, rainy ★ N+ous: curious, dangerous, courageous Other forms: ★ N. + less: careless, harmless, noiseless, senseless, useless ★ N. + ish: childish, foolish, selfish ★ N. + al: personal, national, professional, natural

Learning in context Can you find out the differences between the two words? ⊙There is no need to state the obvious. ⊙A government spokesperson made a statement on the police change this afternoon. *I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood. * The seaside had all sorts of pleasant association Conclusion： with childhood holidays for me. 1. In every pair of words, the first word is a verb and the • Troops have second word is a been noun. sent to defend the broader. • Thesecond town walls were builtfrom as a the defence against 2. The word is changed first word. enemy attacks.

How to change the verb to the noun? ★V. + ment: statement, arrangement, movement ★V. + tion : association, celebration, competition ★+ce: defence, practice, advice, device Other forms: ★V. + sion: conclusion, decision, confusion ★V. + ance : performance, acceptance, allowance ★V. + ing: misunderstanding, meeting, visiting

SUMMARY ★ Add “ly” directly (widely) 1. Adjective → Adverb ★ Reduce “e”and add “y” (probably) ★ Change “y” to “ily” (angrily) ★ Add “y” (fully) 2. Noun → Adjective ★ N. +ful (respectful) ★ N. + less(careless) ★ N+y (angry) ★ N. + ish (childish) ★ N+ous (curious) ★ N. + al (personal) ★ V. + tion (association) ★ V. + sion (decision) 3. Verb → Noun ★ V. + ment (statement) ★ V. + ance ★ V+ ce (defence) (allowance)

Exercise • Please use the appropriate form to fill in the blanks.

Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student 1. association ______ (associate), to meet this year’s 2. international _______ (nation) students. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around 3. curiously ____ (curious). The first person to arrive closely (close) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, 4. ____ followed by Julia Smith from Britain. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek. surprised (surprise) and She stepped back appearing 5. _____ put up her hands, as if in 6. ____ defence (defend). I guess probably (probable) a major there was 7. ______ misunderstanding (misunderstand). Then I learned 8. _________ that not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are comfortable (comfort) in the same way with they 9. _______ touching or distance between people.

Homework • Please use the appropriate form to fill in the blanks.

A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his [1] _______ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and you’re 55 years old, I’m going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, don’t do it now, I’m too busy!” The youngster immediately fell [2]______ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. The father said, “You can finish later. ” The boy said nothing but [3]______ (quiet) walked away, [4]____ (disappoint) written over his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didn’t respond. Unfortunately, the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote. . . “If only I could tell him how much I regret my [5]____ (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching. ”. . . Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be [6] ______ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as rejection and can leave a scar. Nothing is more than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. Because there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.