Contemporary Human Geography 2 e Lectures Chapter 4

Contemporary Human Geography, 2 e Lectures Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture Karl Byrand, University of Wisconsin-Sheboygan © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture • Culture – The body of material traits, customary beliefs, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people – Each cultural activity has a distinctive spatial distribution. – Geographers study the relations between material culture and the physical environment. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture • Daily necessities and leisure – Material culture deriving from the necessities of daily life – Culture involving leisure activities – Habit • A repetitive act that a particular individual performs – Custom • A repetitive act of a group – Material culture • A collection of social customs © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture CULTURE : DAILY NECESSITIES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture CULTURE : LEISURE © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture HABIT AND CUSTOM © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture • Characteristics of folk culture – Anonymous hearth(s) – Anonymous sources (originators) – Unknown dates – Diffuses slowly and on a small scale • Chiefly through migration – Little change © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture FOLK CULTURE : DISTRIBUTION OF THE AMISH © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture • Characteristics of popular culture – Found in large heterogeneous societies – Large territory as compared to folk culture – Usually product of developed countries – Rapid diffusion facilitated by technology – Changes rapidly and frequently © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture POPULAR CULTURE : DISTRIBUTION OF BASEBALL © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture • Folk culture – Varies from place to place at a given time • Popular culture – Varies from time to time at a given place © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 2 Origin and Diffusion of Music • Folk music – Composed anonymously and transmitted orally – Contents derived from daily life – Travels via relocation diffusion © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 2 Origin and Diffusion of Music © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. GULLAH FOLK MUSIC

4. 2 Origin and Diffusion of Music VIETNAMESE FOLK MUSIC © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 2 Origin and Diffusion of Music • Popular music – Composed by specific individuals – Commercial purposes – Originated ~1800 • Tin Pan Alley • Rise of recorded music © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 2 Origin and Diffusion of Music POPULAR MUSIC PER FOR MANCES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 2 Origin and Diffusion of Music THE LANDSCAPE OF MUSIC © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports • Soccer’s folk culture origins – Eleventh-century England – Denmark ~1018– 1042 • “Kick the Dane’s Head” – Football Association, 1863 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports FOOTBALL PLAYED AROUND THE WORLD © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports • Soccer as popular culture – Late 1800 s diffused to continental Europe – Holland, 1870 s – Spain, 1893 – Diffused via British imperial expansion – Russia, 1887 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports WORLD CUP © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports • Surviving folk sports – Cricket – Ice hockey – Wushu – Baseball – Football – Lacrosse © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports ICE HOCKEY IN CANADA © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports AUSTRALIAN RULES FOOTBALL © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports LACROSSE PLAYED BY THE MOHAWK TRIBE © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 4 Folk and Popular House Styles • Folk culture traditions are reflected in eighteenthand nineteenth-century US housing. • Popular culture influences are seen in US housing built since 1940. • Folk housing © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 4 Folk and Popular House Styles HEARTHS OF U. S. FOLK HOUSING TYPES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 4 Folk and Popular House Styles • Popular housing – Regional distinctiveness declines – Houses commercially constructed © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 4 Folk and Popular House Styles • Popular housing types – Minimal traditional – Ranch house – Split-level – Contemporary – Shed – Mansard – Neo-Tudor – Neo-French – Neo-Colonial © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 4 Folk and Popular House Styles [insert Figure 4. 4. 5 on this slide] POPULAR HOUSING TYPES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences • Food taboos – Taboo • A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom • Biblical taboos © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences POPULAR HOUSING TYPES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences SWINE STOCK © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences • Environmental influences – Traditional food taboos deeply embedded in the physical environment • Influenced by perception of negative forces • Also influenced by environmental features © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences • Food and place: the concept of terroir – Environment contributes to the characteristic of food – Terroir • The contribution of a location’s physical features to the way food tastes (French) – Climate – Landforms – Soil © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences WINE PRODUCTION © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences VINEYARDS © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences • Folk clothing traditions – Traditionally selected/designed to meet agricultural practices and climatic conditions – Diffusion via migration and technology has extended influence of some folk clothing © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences FOLK CLOTHING TRADITIONS © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences CONTROVERSIAL FOLK CLOTHING © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences • Clothing of popular culture – Generally reflects occupation – Diffusion via communications technology has extended influence of popular clothing © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences JEANS © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 7 Diffusion of Popular Media • Diffusion of TV – Developed in 1930 s – WWII impeded diffusion © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 7 Diffusion of Popular Media DIFFUSION OF TV © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 7 Diffusion of Popular Media • Diffusion of the Internet – More rapid diffusion than TV © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 7 Diffusion of Popular Media INTERNET USERS PER 1, 000 INHABITANTS 2011 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 7 Diffusion of Popular Media • Diffusion of Facebook – Founded in 2004 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 7 Diffusion of Popular Media DIFFUSION OF FACEBOOK © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure • Folk culture landscapes: Himalayan art – Karan and Mather’s study – Close proximity but limited interaction produced distinctive folk customs. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. FOLK CULTURE IN THE ENVIRONMENT : HIMALAYAN ART

4. 8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure • Popular culture landscapes: golf courses – Popular culture can make significant alterations to the environment. – Golf courses represent such alterations. – Rooney Study • Greater number of courses in the northern US – Linked to tradition and social clubs – Scottish origins • ~Fifteenth century © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure POPULAR CULTURE IN THE ENVIRONMENT : GOLF COURSES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure FOLK CULTURE OR POPULAR CULTURE ? GOLF IN SCOTLAND © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure GOLF IN THE UNITED STATES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture • Challenges to Folk Culture – Loss of traditional values – Imposition of popular culture through diffusion of media © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. GOLF IN THE UNITED STATES

4. 9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture LIMITING FREEDOM ON THE INTERNET © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture • Challenges to popular culture – Uniformity: fast food – Uniformity: gas, food, and lodging – Diffusion in the global marketplace – Local cultures and globalization © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture UNIFORM LANDSCAPE © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture UNIFORM LANDSCAPE © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. 9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture ADVERTISING LOCALLY GROWN © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter Review • Key Questions – How are folk and popular culture distributed? – How are the needs of daily life met in folk and popular culture? – How is the landscape altered by folk and popular culture? © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.