Consult Engineer Commission UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEM UPS TECHNOLOGY
Consult + Engineer + Commission “UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEM (UPS) TECHNOLOGY UPDATE” IEEE Industry Applications Society Atlanta Chapter January 18, 2011 Creating Exceptional Environments © All Rights Reserved www. syska. com
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission TYPES OF UPS TECHNOLOGIES • STATIC, DOUBLE CONVERSION • STATIC, LINE INTERACTIVE • FLYWHEEL-BASED • ROTARY • OFF-LINE © All Rights Reserved 2
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission STATIC, DOUBLE CONVERSION UPS TOPOLOGY • NORMAL POWER PATH: INPUT-RECTIFIER-DC BUSINVERTER-OUTPUT • BYPASS POWER PATH: INPUT-STATIC SWITCHOUTPUT • STORED POWER PATH: BATTERY/FLYWHEEL-DC BUS- INVERTER-OUTPUT • MAJOR MANUFACTURERS: GE, LIEBERT, MGE, MITSUBISHI, POWERWARE, TOSHIBA © All Rights Reserved 3
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission © All Rights Reserved 4
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission STATIC, DOUBLE CONVERSION UPS CHANGES FOR INCREASED OPERATING EFFICIENCY • PWM IGBT RECTIFIERS INSTEAD OF SCRS • PWM IGBT INVERTERS • ELIMINATE INPUT AND OUTPUT TRANSFORMERS • USER-SELECTABLE OFFLINE OPERATION • USER-SELECTABLE CAPACITY CONTROL • DISTRIBUTED OR SYSTEM STATIC BYPASS SWITCH © All Rights Reserved 5
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission STATIC, DOUBLE CONVERSION UPS OPERATING EFFICIENCY • TYPICALLY 91%-96% AT FULL LOAD AND 90%94% AT HALF LOAD • USER-SELECTABLE OFFLINE 98% • USER-SELECTABLE CAPACITY CONTROL CAN IMPROVE % AT LOW LOADS © All Rights Reserved 6
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission THE FLEAS THAT COME WITH THE DOG, PART 1 • ELIMINATING TRANSFORMERS REDUCES DC BUS SAFETY • INDUSTRY TREND IS TO ELIMINATE TRANSFORMERS • ELIMINATING THE OUTPUT TRANSFORMER MAY ELIMINATE A WYE-CONNECTED OUTPUT • INDUSTRY TREND IS TO PROVIDE DISTRIBUTED STATIC BYPASS SWITCHES • IN USER-SELECTABLE OFFLINE MODE, SOME TRANSIENTS COULD GET THROUGH BEFORE THE UPS CAN REACT © All Rights Reserved 7
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission STATIC, LINE-INTERACTIVE UPS TOPOLOGY • NORMAL POWER PATH: INPUT-MAIN STATIC SWITCH-OUTPUT • BYPASS POWER PATH: INPUT-ALTERNATE STATIC SWITCH-OUTPUT • STORED POWER PATH: BATTERY-DC BUSINVERTER- OUTPUT • MANUFACTURER: APC (SYMMETRA MW) © All Rights Reserved 8
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission © All Rights Reserved 9
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission STATIC, LINE INTERACTIVE UPS CHANGES FOR INCREASED OPERATING EFFICIENCY • IMPROVED FIRMWARE CONTROL STATIC, LINE INTERACTIVE UPS OPERATING EFFICIENCY • TYPICALLY 97% AT FULL LOAD, 96% AT HALF LOAD AND 94% AT QUARTER LOAD © All Rights Reserved 10
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission THE FLEAS THAT COME WITH THE DOG, PART 2 • REDUCED DC BUS SAFETY • SOME TRANSIENTS COULD GET THROUGH BEFORE THE UPS CAN REACT © All Rights Reserved 11
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission FLYWHEEL-BASED UPS TOPOLOGY • NORMAL POWER PATH: INPUT-MAIN STATIC SWITCH-INDUCTOR-OUTPUT • BYPASS POWER PATH: INPUT-ALTERNATE STATIC SWITCH-OUTPUT • STORED POWER PATH: FLYWHEELCONVERTERINDUCTOR-OUTPUT • MANUFACTURER: ACTIVE POWER © All Rights Reserved 12
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission © All Rights Reserved 13
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission FLYWHEEL-BASED UPS CHANGES FOR INCREASED OPERATING EFFICIENCY • IMPROVED FIRMWARE CONTROL STATIC, LINE INTERACTIVE UPS OPERATING EFFICIENCY • TYPICALLY 98% AT FULL LOAD AND 96% AT HALF LOAD © All Rights Reserved 14
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission THE FLEAS THAT COME WITH THE DOG, PART 3 • LIMITED ENERGY STORAGE – 14 SECONDS • SYSTEM CAPACITY LIMITED BY THE CAPACITY OF ONE STANDBY GENERATOR © All Rights Reserved 15
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission BASIC ROTARY UPS TOPOLOGY • NORMAL POWER PATH: INPUT-RECTIFIERINVERTER-SYNCHRONOUS MACHINEOUTPUT • BYPASS POWER PATH: INPUT-STATIC SWITCH SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE –OUTPUT • STORED POWER PATH: BATTERY-DC BUSINVERTER- SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE-OUTPUT • MANUFACTURER: PILLER © All Rights Reserved 16
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission © All Rights Reserved 17
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission VARIATION ON ROTARY UPS TECHNOLOGY, AKA DYNAMIC ROTARY UPS (DRUPS) • NORMAL POWER PATH: INPUT-RECTIFIERCOUPLING CHOKE-OUTPUT • BYPASS POWER PATH: INPUT-BYPASS SWITCH OUTPUT • STORED POWER PATH: ENGINE-COUPLINGENERGY ACCUMULATOR-SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE- COUPLING CHOKE-OUTPUT • CAN OPERATE AT LOW VOLTAGE OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE • MANUFACTURERS: EURO-DIESEL, HITEC, PILLER © All Rights Reserved 18
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission © All Rights Reserved 19
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission ROTARY UPS CHANGES FOR INCREASED OPERATING EFFICIENCY • IMPROVED FIRMWARE CONTROL • USER-SELECTABLE OFFLINE OPERATION ROTARY UPS OPERATING EFFICIENCY • TYPICALLY 92% AT FULL LOAD AND 88% AT HALF LOAD (BASIC) • TYPICALLY 96% AT FULL LOAD AND 48% AT HALF LOAD (VARIATION) © All Rights Reserved 20
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission THE FLEAS THAT COME WITH THE DOG, PART 4 • VARIATION IS THE MOST UPS CAPACITY/SQUARE FOOT OF BUILDING AREA • VARIATION HAS CONSTANT LOSSES, REGARDLESS OF LOAD • VARIATION CAN SUPPLY LARGE MEDIUM VOLTAGE SYSTEMS (VOLTAGE VARIES BY MANUFACTURER) © All Rights Reserved 21
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission OFFLINE UPS TOPOLOGY • NORMAL POWER PATH: INPUT-STATIC SWITCHOUTPUT • BYPASS POWER PATH: INPUT-BYPASS SWITCHOUTPUT • STORED POWER PATH: BATTERY-INVERTERSTEPUP TRANSFORMER-OUTPUT • CAN OPERATE AT LOW OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE (UP TO 25 KV) • MANUFACTURER: S&C © All Rights Reserved 22
Consult + Engineer + Commission © All Rights Reserved 23
UPS TECHNOLOGY UPDATE Consult + Engineer + Commission OFFLINE UPS CHANGES FOR INCREASED OPERATING EFFICIENCY • CAPACITY UP TO 16 MW PER SYSTEM • IMPROVED FIRMWARE • CAN ACCOMMODATE WET CELL OR VRLA BATTERIES • CAN ACCOMMODATE UP TO 20 MINUTES BATTERY OPERATION AT FULL LOAD • CAN BE INSTALLED INDOORS OR OUT DOORS • CAN UTILIZE METAL-ENCLOSED OR METAL-CLAD SWITCHGEAR • DISTRIBUTED OR SYSTEM STATIC BYPASS SWITCH © All Rights Reserved 24
Consult + Engineer + Commission OFFLINE UPS OPERATING EFFICIENCY • TYPICALLY 98%-99% AT ALL LOADS THE FLEAS THAT COME WITH THE DOG, PART 5 • SOME TRANSIENTS COULD GET THROUGH BEFORE THE UPS CAN REACT © All Rights Reserved 25
Consult + Engineer + Commission Thank You! Comments and Questions? Creating Exceptional Environments © All Rights Reserved www. syska. com
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