Construction Drawings Objectives Plans Components of the Blueprint

Construction Drawings

Objectives • Plans • Components of the Blueprint • Scale & Measuring tools • Lines of Construction • Abbreviations, Symbols and Keynotes • Using Gridlines

What is a Blueprint? • A Blueprint is a copy of a drawing. Most prints today are created with Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) and have blue or black lines on a white background

Set of Plans Six Major Groups: Civil (site plans) – used for work that has to do with construction in or on the earth. 1. • They show the location of the building on plot from an aerial view. Shows natural contours of the earth (contour lines), trees, walks, driveways and dimension of the property.

Sets of Plans 2. Architectural Plans - Shows the design of the project - floor plan (plan view) - aerial view of layout of each room. provides the most info about project: interior and exterior walls, doors, stairways, mechanical equipment.

Architectural Plans Include: • roof plan - view of the roof from above the building. Shows the shape of the roof and materials used to finish it.

Architectural Plans Include: • elevation drawings - are side views and show the height. Labeled north, south, east, west.

Architectural Plans Include: • section drawings - cross sectional views that show the inside of an object or building. Show what materials to use and how the parts fit together. Show more detail than plan views.

Architectural Plans Include: • detail drawings - enlarged views of some special features of a building, such as floors and walls.

Sets of Plans Structural Plans - set of engineered drawings used to support the architectural design. 3. • Gives details of materials to be used for walls, floors etc. and requirements to be followed.

Set of Plans 4. Mechanical Plans - engineered plans for motors, pumps, piping systems, and piping equipment. Includes layout for the HVAC system and its requirements to run that system

Set of Plans 5. Plumbing - engineered plans showing the layout for the plumbing system that supplies hot and cold water, sewage disposal system, and location of plumbing fixtures

Set of Plans 6. Electrical - engineered plans for the electrical supply and distribution. Power and lighting layout, which shows the location of lights and receptacles.

Construction Drawings Day 2

Components of a Blueprint 1. Title Block 2. Border 3. Drawing area 4. Revision Block

1. Title Block - Information about the structure or assembly: - company logo - sheet title - identifies the project - Date - date issued for construction - Drawn by - initials of the person who drafted the drawing - Drawing number - Code numbers assigned to a project - Scale - the ratio of the size of the drawing (1/4" = 1') - Revision blocks - information on revisions. including date, who made them, revision number and the revision

2. Border - approximately 1/2" in around the drawing so when printed no information gets lost

3. Drawing Area - presents the information for constructing the project.

4. Revision Block - located in the drawing area, usually inside the title block or near it. Used to record pertinent information about any changes (revisions) to the drawing

Legend Used to identify lines and other symbols on a construction drawing.

Lines of Construction **Often referred to as the alphabet of lines** Dimension lines - establish the dimensions (sizes) of parts of a structure. These lines end with arrows (open or closed), dots or slashes at the termination line. |

Lines of Construction Leaders and arrowheads - identify the location of a specific part of the drawing

Lines of Construction Property lines - indicate land boundaries

Lines of Construction Cut lines - lines around part of a drawing that is to be shown in a separate cross sectional view

Lines of Construction Section cuts – show areas not included in the cutting line view

Lines of Construction Break lines - show where an object has been broken off to save space on the drawing

Lines of Construction Hidden lines - indentify part of a structure that is not visible on the drawing. Usually refers to another drawing to see it.

Lines of Construction Centerlines - show the measured center of an object such as a column, fixture or opening

Lines of Construction Object lines - identify the object of primary interest.

Construction Drawings Day 3

Scale tells the size of the object drawn compared with the actual size of the object. - On a site plan - the scale may read SCALE: 1" = 20'-0". This means that every inch on the drawing represents 20 feet 0 inches. - On a floor plan - the scale may read SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0" Some plans are not drawn to scale. A note on such drawings reads NOT TO SCALE (NTS).

Measuring Tools for Blueprints Engineer's scale - divided into decimal graduations and is used to represent a larger number of feet per inch like on site or survey plans.

Measuring Tools for Blueprints Architect's scale –used to draw floor plans and other construction drawings other than site plans, it is divided into feet and inches and generally is triangular.

Abbreviations, Symbols and Keynotes The symbols used for each type of plan should be indicated on the legend or other introductory drawing.

Abbreviations, Symbols and Keynotes Abbreviations are used to keep plans uncluttered, making them easier to read and understand.

Abbreviations, Symbols and Keynotes – is a number or letter (usually in a square or circle) with a leader and arrowhead that is used to identify a specific object

Gridlines - make it easier to refer to a specific location on a plan. Uses a letter and number to locate a particular “bay" on the plan. - Numbers are along the top and letters are on the side - To avoid confusion the gridline system omits the letters I, O & Q and the numbers 1 and 0.

Dimensions - show the size and placement of the objects that will be built or installed. The dimension is a measurement written as a number and is located near the middle of the dimension line.

Specifications Architectural and engineering firms prepare specifications to clarify information that cannot be shown on the drawings.

Request for Information (RFI) • Used to clarify any discrepancies in the plans. A discrepancy is passed from the foreman through the proper channels to the architect or engineer to clear up.