Constitutional Convention A New Government When May 1787

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Constitutional Convention: A New Government

Constitutional Convention: A New Government

When: May, 1787 n n 55 men representing all states except Rhode Island met

When: May, 1787 n n 55 men representing all states except Rhode Island met at Independence Hall in Philadelphia meetings in secret

Who Was There n Ben Franklin oldest at 81 n George Washington chosen as

Who Was There n Ben Franklin oldest at 81 n George Washington chosen as chairman n James Madison did majority of work and called “Father of the Constitution” n Thomas Jefferson & Thomas Paine in Paris n Samuel Adams & John Hancock not elected from MA n Patrick Henry declined involvement

Purpose of Meeting n Revising the Articles of Confederation n Many thought Articles could

Purpose of Meeting n Revising the Articles of Confederation n Many thought Articles could not be fixed & needed to be replaced n Dilemma: Believed power to rule ultimately came from people, yet they feared and distrusted the common man & hesitated to entrust him w/power

Solution: Government Formed n 3 Equal but separate branches: executive, legislative, and judicial n

Solution: Government Formed n 3 Equal but separate branches: executive, legislative, and judicial n President = executive (enforce laws) n Congress = legislative (make laws) n Supreme Court = judicial (rule on cases with federal laws)

Great Compromise – 1 st Suggestion n To determine how representation would apportioned n

Great Compromise – 1 st Suggestion n To determine how representation would apportioned n Virginia Plan (Large state plan) n Plan favored by states with large population – 2 House Legislature – 1 elected by the people and one selected by first – Each house would have representation based on population

Great Compromise – 2 nd Suggestion n New Jersey Plan (small state plan), some

Great Compromise – 2 nd Suggestion n New Jersey Plan (small state plan), some thought Virginia Plan went too far n Favored by states with small populations – Called for modifications to Articles – Retained 1 body legislature with equal representation

Great Compromise n Solution: Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) n 2 House Legislature called Congress

Great Compromise n Solution: Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) n 2 House Legislature called Congress n Made up of the Senate w/equal representation for each state and the House of Representatives with representation based on the state’s population

Three-Fifths Compromise Problem: Delegates from states with large slave pop. wanted them to count

Three-Fifths Compromise Problem: Delegates from states with large slave pop. wanted them to count toward state’s population, population but not toward taxes n Delegates from non-slave states wanted only free whites to count for rep. n Solution: n – 3/5 of slaves would be included in pop. totals for both rep. and taxation – Congress could not outlaw slave trade for at least 20 years

Separation of Powers n Distribution of political power was among 3 branches: legislative, executive,

Separation of Powers n Distribution of political power was among 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial n System of checks and balances would prevent one branch from becoming tyrannical

Federalism Power was divided between two levels of government: federal and state n Line

Federalism Power was divided between two levels of government: federal and state n Line between national and state power would continue to be a point of conflict and lead U. S. to the Civil War n

Ratification: Federalist vs. Antifederalist n Two opposing sides developed over the Constitution n Federalists

Ratification: Federalist vs. Antifederalist n Two opposing sides developed over the Constitution n Federalists backed the Constitution as written n Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution (some feared the threat to states’ rights, others wanted a Bill of Rights)

Ratification Completed n The Federalist Papers: Federalists campaigned for ratification by publishing 85 essays

Ratification Completed n The Federalist Papers: Federalists campaigned for ratification by publishing 85 essays under pseudo names (explained theory behind Constitution & responded to critics) n Federalists promised a Bill of Rights would be added n July 26, 1788 all states except Rhode Island ratified Constitution (not until 1790)

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