consider Think of someone close to you i

consider: Think of someone close to you (i. e. a sibling or a close friend). There are times when you have disagreed with that person. Would you let someone else attack them for what they believed? Would you help someone else attack that person close to you?

essential question: What defined the Civil War? How did the Civil War redefine America? PART 1: UPPER SOUTH SECEDES, WAR BEGINS / ADVANTAGES

We have done fill in the blank notes a few times now. For this section, you must read to preview. The only way to know what will go in the blanks and what additional information to write is to listen carefully to the discussion after you preview. Upper South Secedes and War Begins: Fort Sumter April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 border states (MO, KY, MD, DL) Upper South (AR, TN, NC, VA)

Advantages: After Fort Sumter, both sides are established: 11 Southern states in the Confederacy vs. the rest of the United States in the Union. Read the charts on the Union’s (North) and Confederacy’s (South) advantages (see p. 229 in text for more information). Then, we will view some slides that will give you information to put under “Other things to consider. ”

The United States as they were before the war. Note that Washington, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, and New Mexico were territories, and not states, in 1861. This indicates that few people besides Native Americans lived there.

The eleven Confederate States. Note that Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware did not secede, though they were slave states. West Virginia formed early in the war when it was occupied by Union forces, but did not join the Union as a state until 1863.

The capitals of the North and South are about 100 miles apart: Union (USA) capital is Washington, DC and Confederate States of America (CSA) capital: Richmond, VA.

The North had a lot of advantages, but did they have the most important advantages?

Now, compare and rank (1 -10) all of the advantages in your groups. 1 = most important overall advantage 10 = least important overall advantage Who had the advantage in the Civil War? Possible main idea sentences: • The Union had the advantage in the Civil War. • The Confederacy had the advantage in the Civil War. Possible support sentences: • The Union had a larger population to use as soldiers. • The Confederacy had higher morale due to their land being invaded by outsiders.

essential question: What defined the Civil War? How did the Civil War redefine America? PART 2: MAPS AND STRATEGIES What to label on your map (see notes, textbook pages 233 and 1010 -11, and map on the left): Confederacy Union border states Richmond, VA Washington, DC Mississippi River Atlantic Ocean

Consider the map and the advantages that each side had. What are some possible strategies that each side might use? In other words, what would you do if you were a Union general to win? What would you do if you were a Confederate general to win? How can I attack the other side?

The North’s Strategy: The Anaconda Plan

The Anaconda Plan 1. blockade (block with ships) Confederate coast 2. take Mississippi to cut Confederacy in two 3. capture CSA capital of Richmond

As you illustrate this on your map, consider these illustrations.

The Anaconda Plan 1. blockade (block with ships) Confederate coast 2. take Mississippi to cut Confederacy in two 3. capture CSA capital of Richmond

The South’s Strategy: 1. Defend the homeland

The South’s Strategy: 2. Use King Cotton to get foreign countries to recognize the CSA and help “RECOGNITION” OR “NO. ” Lincoln France CSA Great Britain J. Bell to Napoleon III. “Can you recognize that thing they call the C. S. A? ” Nap. “Well, I think I could if ‘twere not for that Big Fellow who stands in front. ”

consider: Who do you think had the better strategy at the beginning of the Civil War? Why? essential question: What defined the Civil War? How did the Civil War redefine America? PART 3: THE FIRST YEAR

War in the East (1861 -62): 1 st Bull Run July 1861

War in the East (1861 -62): Confederate General Robert E. Lee Union General “Tardy” George Mc. Clellan

The Oceanfront (1861 -62):

The War in the West 1861 -1862

This time period covers July of 1861 to July of 1862, the first year of the war. Which parts of the Union’s Anaconda Plan was working in the first year of the war?

Within your groups, quiz each other on the terms that we have covered so far about the Civil War. Whoever woke up the latest this morning will start. As you are being quizzed, write the terms that you know, sort of know, and don’t know in the chart on your page. We will switch after a couple minutes. • • Confederacy Union Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln Fort Sumter Anaconda Plan border states • • • King Cotton 1 st Bull Run “Stonewall” Jackson U. S. Grant Robert E. Lee “Tardy” George Mc. Clellan

Pretend that you are a Union or Confederate soldier. What are some things that you might say in a letter about the first year of the war and how it has affected you? Try to use some terms from the left column of the chart above. You may begin by saying how you are doing in the war and add what you think about some of the terms or what a soldier might have heard about some of these terms. • • Confederacy Union Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln Fort Sumter Anaconda Plan border states • • • King Cotton 1 st Bull Run “Stonewall” Jackson U. S. Grant Robert E. Lee “Tardy” George Mc. Clellan wartime photographs

some information to help visualize the experience of the soldier for your journal or letter: • uniforms • 1 st Bull Run (a. k. a. 1 st Manassas) • a soldier’s life • the field hospital • entertainment for enlisted men • the war in the West • the war in the East

consider: How could the Union use slaves to strengthen their war effort? essential question: What defined the Civil War? How did the Civil War redefine America? PART 4: TURNING POINTS, 1862 -63

TURNING POINTS 1862 -1863 What a long war means for the South: • helped because victory more likely if war was longer • hurt because supplies running low; link to Europe all but gone when the South needed trade and recognition

TURNING POINTS 1862 -1863 new bold strategies for both sides: • South—thrust into Northern territory to limit support for war North: free the slaves after a victory • North—emancipation after any improvement on the battlefield

Emancipation Proclamation

Battle of Gettysburg July 1– 3, 1863

the Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863

Vicksburg May 18 – July 4, 1863

Who benefited the most from the changes to the strategies of each side in the second year of the war (1862 -1863), the Union or the Confederacy? Explain.

consider: What defines modern warfare (military-style fighting today)? essential question: What defined the Civil War? How did the Civil War redefine America? PART 5: MODERN WAR

some things that define modern warfare: 1. It is impersonal (you do not see who you are killing). 2. There is mass killing (many people killed at once). a Predator UAV carrying a Hellfire-C laserguided missile screen shot from Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare Fire Controlman on the USS Lake Erie, whose missiles are satellite-guided

some things that define modern warfare: 1. It is impersonal (you do not see who you are killing). 2. There is mass killing (many people killed at once). On your list of Civil War firsts, circle anything that meets the qualifications for modern warfare. Also, underline anything that seems like an important development in how war is fought, but does not define modern warfare. a Predator UAV carrying a Hellfire-C laser-guided missile screen shot from Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare Fire Controlman on the USS Lake Erie, whose missiles are satellite-guided

consider: Based on the cartoon, who might the Copperhead Party be?

essential question: What defined the Civil War? How did the Civil War redefine America? PART 7: NORTHERN WARTIME POLITICS

Wartime Politics in the North Overall, Republicans pass legislation easily, such as the Homestead Act.

Pretend that you are a Union or Confederate soldier. What are some things that you might say in a letter about the first year of the war and how it has affected you? Try to use some terms from page 35 and this page. You may begin by saying how you are doing in the war and add what you think about some of the terms or what a soldier might have heard about some of these terms. • Emancipation Proclamation • Gettysburg Address • Vicksburg • Copperheads • Radical Republicans • one new technology of the Civil War. wartime photographs

consider: What will it take for the Confederacy to give up and rejoin the Union?

essential question: What defined the Civil War? How did the Civil War redefine America? PART 7: THE WAR ENDS, 1864 -65 / RESULTS

END IS NEAR 1864 -1865 • Grant takes over Union forces in March 1864, enacting a plan of constant, coordinated attacks

END IS NEAR 1864 -1865 • Lee’s only hope was to make battles so deadly that Grant would abandon his plans Inflation is just one way that the Confederacy was struggling by the last year of the war.

END IS NEAR 1864 -1865 • Grant’s plan did work in the long run, but with many casualties

William Tecumseh Sherman

March to the Sea

Election of 1864 campaign poster for Mc. Clellan on the left, Lincoln on the right

13 th Amendment

Appamattox Courthouse

assassination of Lincoln

RESULTS OF THE WAR: • states’ rights argument (especially nullification and secession) ended • 600, 000 dead • $8. 1 billion spent • 13 th Amendment ends slavery • much of the South is destroyed

consider: If you were an African American in the United States during the Civil War, would you join the Union army? Why or why not? essential question: What defined the Civil War? How did the Civil War redefine America? PART 8: AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIERS

Based on the movie Glory, document three ways that you see African American soldiers face discrimination and inequality as soldiers for the Union army. Also, answer the questions that follow.

Pretend that you are a Union or Confederate soldier. What are some things that you might say in a letter about the first year of the war and how it has affected you? Try to use some terms from the back of page 36 and this page. You may begin by saying how you are doing in the war and add what you think about some of the terms or what a soldier might have heard about some of these terms. • Ulysses S. Grant • election of 1864 • Sherman’s March to the Sea • 13 th Amendment • Appomattox Courthouse • assassination of Lincoln • one of the final results of the war • something about African American participation in the Civil War wartime photographs