Consent Refusal of Care Types of Consent Expressed

• Consent • Refusal of Care

Types of Consent • Expressed • Informed • Implied Physical incapacitation Mental Incapacitation • Involuntary Consent • Mental Health • Incarceration

Minors • Parental Permission • In loco parentis •

• Emergency Doctrine • Implied Consent Emancipation • Married • Armed Services • Independence

• Abandonment • False Imprisonment • Assault • Battery • Criteria for Refusal of Care • Standard of Care • Medical Control • Confidentiality

Advanced Directives • DNR • Living Wills • Durable Power of Attorney Mandatory Reporting

Negligence Res Ipsa Loquitur In the common law of torts, res ipsa loquitur (Latin for "the thing speaks for itself") is a doctrine that infers negligence from the very nature of an accident or injury in the absence of direct evidence on how any defendant behaved. Although modern formulations differ by jurisdiction, common law originally stated that the accident must satisfy the necessary elements of negligence: duty, breach of duty, causation, and injury. In res ipsa loquitur, the elements of duty of care, breach, and causation are inferred from an injury that does not ordinarily occur without negligence.

Negligence per se is a doctrine within the law of United States of America whereby an act is considered negligent because it violates a statute (or regulation).

• Duty to Ac • Proximate Causation

In a legal sense, the term proximate cause refers to a thing that happened to cause something else to occur. This is usually brought up when something has gone wrong, such as an automobile accident in which someone was injured, and refers to the non-injured party’s legal responsibility for the event. Examples of proximate cause are often found in personal injury cases, and other civil lawsuit cases; but this plays an important role in many criminal cases as well. To explore this concept, consider the following proximate cause definition.

• Standard of Care under same circumstances