Consciousness Unit 2 B Objective 1 What do

Consciousness Unit 2 B

Objective 1: What do we mean by consciousness & how does selective attention direct our perception? � Consciousness: ◦ our awareness of ourselves and our environment. � Cognitive neuroscience: ◦ studies the connections between brain activity & mental processes

Selective Attention � Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus � What happens to our attention when on the phone?

Selective Attention and Accidents �Cell phone use and car accidents ◦ Slower to detect & respond to traffic signals (28%) We can only process a tiny sliver of the immense amount of visual stimuli constantly before us.

Who Dunnit? http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ub. NF 9 QNEQLA How many changes can you detect? http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v. JG 698 U 2 Mvo

Selective Attention �Inattentional blindness ◦ failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Selective Attention http: //w ww. youtu be. com/ atch? v=V w krr. Voz. ZR 2 c �Change blindness ◦ A failure to notice a difference in what is there now vs. what was there a moment ago. http: //www. youtube. c om/watch? v=d 0 W 60 B X_6 w. A BG: Pay Attention 6 min Simon’s Lab

Objective 2: What is the circadian rhythm & what are the stages of our sleep cycle?

Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire �#s 1, 2, 10, 18 – use number below where you checked time.

Objective 2 Sleep stages… ◦ Awake �Alpha waves �Awake but relaxed ◦ Stage 1 �Transition � 1 -7 minutes �Light sleep �Hypnagogic sensations �Easy to awaken �Aroused from stage 1 report they were awake

Sleep Stages Stage 2 ◦ Onset of true sleep ◦ Sleep spindles �High frequency bursts of brain activity ◦ Muscle tension, heart rate, respiration, temp start to decline ◦ Some delta waves Stage 3 ◦ Continue to show more delta waves � Stage 4 � Delta waves ◦ REM sleep

Stage 4 ◦ ◦ ◦ Delta sleep High amplitude very low frequency (delta) Deepest stage of sleep; most difficult to wake Sleepwalking & talking present Night terrors in children If awaken, don’t remember

Biological Rhythms and Sleep Stages

REM � Dreams = 20% of sleep time � Eyes move rapidly back & forth � Paradoxical sleep ◦ Brain active body not � Heart rate & blood pressure increase � Lose muscle tension & movement

Biological Rhythms and Sleep Typical Nights Sleep

Why Do We Sleep? Objective 3: How do our sleep patterns differ? What 4 theories describe our need for sleep? �Genetic Forces ◦ age related differences in avg. sleeping time depend upon differences among individuals �Cultural Forces ◦ Those in more modernized cultures sleep less

�Circadian rhythm ◦ Internal biological clock ◦ Body rhythms change �temperature, alertness �occurs on a 24 hr cycle �age & experience can alter your circadian rhythm

Biological Rhythms and Sleep Circadian Rhythm When light hits the retina, it signals the brain to stop production of Light Stops Melatonin = awake

Four Sleep Theories 1. Sleep protects -evolutionary? § Animals sleep patterns fit its place in nature § elephant vs bats § most need to graze/least ability to hide 2. Sleep helps us recover - repair brain tissue 3. Sleep helps memory & creative thinking § proof? 4. Sleep releases growth hormones § Stage 4 – deep sleep § As we age we spend less time in deep sleep (stage 4)

Objective 4: How does sleep loss affect us & what are the major sleep disorders?

Why Do We Sleep? The Effects of Sleep Loss

◦ Weight Gain (ghrelin) ◦ Stress (cortisol) ◦ Insomnia ◦ Narcolepsy http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=X 0 h 2 nle. WTw. I ◦ Sleep apnea ◦ Night terrors ◦ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=zdw. Yg. GXQ 5 mo

Objective 4: How does sleep loss affect us & what are the major sleep disorders? Effects of Sleep Debt � Weight Gain ◦ Gherlin � Stress ◦ Cortisol � Irritable � Less � Poor Creative Judgement Sleep Disorders � Insomnia 1 in 10 � Sleep Apnea � Night Terrors ◦ Stop breathing 1 in 20 ◦ Stage 4 � Narcolepsy 1 in 2000 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=X 0 h 2 nle. WT w. I

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 G Gzc 3 x 9 WJU Objective 5: What do we dream about & what are the five theories of dreaming?

Objective 5: What do we dream about & what are the five theories of why we dream? �Manifest ◦ Storyline Content � Daily life works way into dreams � External stimuli works way into dreams Latent Content “Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar. ”

Objective 5… Theories of Dreaming � To satisfy our own wishes � To file away memories � To develop/preserve neural pathways � To make sense of neural static ◦ Freud; psychic safety valve; ◦ Manifest Content / Latent Content ◦ Information processing ◦ Fix the day’s experiences in our minds ◦ Babies = Lots of REM ◦ Limbic system active during REM (i. e. amygdala) while Activ frontal lobe less active atio � To reflect cognitive development ◦ Brain maturation Synth esis T n heory