Connective Tissue Anatomy Connective Tissue Found EVERYWHERE in

Connective Tissue Anatomy

Connective Tissue Found EVERYWHERE in the body p Most abundant p 4 main types: p n n Connective tissue proper (fat) Cartilage Bone tissue Blood

Common Characteristics p Common origin n p Degrees of vascularity n p Arise from mesenchyme (embryonic tissue) Cartilage is avascular…etc. Extracellular matrix n Separates living cells of the tissue (bear weight, withstand tension, endure abuse)

Structural Elements p Ground substance n n n Unstructured Serves as glue (allows connective tissue cells to attach themselves to a matrix) Holds a lot of fluids p Nutrients can diffuse between blood and cells

Structural Elements p Fibers n n n Collagen (tough, resist stress, stronger than steel!) Elastic (stretch rubberband) Reticular (support tissues of organs, allow more “give” than collagen)

Types of Connective Tissue p Embryonic connective tissue: Mesenchyme n Gel like Ground substance n Give rise to all connective tissue types n Primarily in embryo n

Types of Connective Tissue p Loose connective Tissue: Areolar n Gel like n n Wraps and cushions organs Macrophages in here help with inflammation Holds fluid in n Under epithelial cells n

Types of Connective Tissue p Loose connective tissue: adipose n n n Matrix is areolar Closely packed together Nucleus pushed to side by fat droplets n Energy: long term Insulate Support/protect n Under skin, around kidneys/eyeballs n n

Types of Connective Tissue p Loose connective tissue: reticular n Network of reticular fibers in a loose ground substance n Form a soft skeleton that supports other cells (white blood cells, macrophages) n Lymphoid organs lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen

Types of Connective Tissue p Dense connective tissue: dense regular n Parallel collagen fibers n n Attaches muscle to bone Attaches bone to bone Withstands stress n Tendons, ligaments n

Types of Connective Tissue p Dense connective tissue: dense irregular n Irregularly arranged collagen fibers n Withstands great tension, strong, can move in many directions n Skin, digestive tract, joints

Types of Connective Tissue p Cartilage: hyaline n n Firm Chondroblasts produce matrix p Mature chondroblasts are chondrocytes n Support/reinforces, cushioning, resist compressive stress n Embryonic skeleton, part of ribs, nose, trachea, larynx

Types of Connective Tissue p Cartilage: elastic n More elasticity than hyaline n Maintains shape/structure n Supports external ear

Types of Connective Tissue p Cartilage: fibrocartilage n Thick collagen fibers n Absorbs compressive shock n Intervertebral discs, discs of knee joint

Types of Connective Tissue p Bone: osseous tissue n Hard, calcified, a lot of collagen, vascular n Support, protect, lever for muscles to act on, stores calcium/minerals, marrow produces blood n Bones

Types of Connective Tissue p Blood n Red and white blood cells in a fluid (plasma) n Transport gases, nutrients, wastes n Contained within blood vessels

Nervous Tissue p Nervous tissue n Neurons n Transmit electrical impulses for sensory receptors to effectors n Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Muscle Tissue p Skeletal muscle n Long, cylindrical , multi-nucleated, striated n Voluntary movement, locomotion, facial expression n Attach to bones or occasionally skin

Muscle Tissue p Cardiac Muscle n Branching, striated, uninucleated, junctions called interalated discs n As it contracts it propels blood, involuntary n Walls of heart

Muscle Tissue p Smooth Muscle n Spindle shaped, nuclei is centered, forms sheets n Propels substances along internal passage (urine, baby, food), involuntary n Walls of hollow organs

Tissue Repair p 1. Inflammation n n Tissue DRAMA! Injured cell releases chemicals Chemicals cause tissue to dilate more permeable White blood cells/plasma/antibodies seep into area Construct a clot

Tissue Repair p 2. Organization restores blood supply n n Clot is replaced by granulation tissue (delicate pink tissue that contains capillaries) Granulation tissue bleeds easily (pick at a scab) Produce growth factors Becomes scar tissue (highly resistant to infection bacteria inhibiting substances)

Tissue Repair p Regeneration/fibrosis n n Epithelium regenerates Scar may be visible or invisible

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