Conjugations of Verbs Conjugations Verbs are grouped into

Conjugations of Verbs

Conjugations • • • Verbs are grouped into 4 Conjugations 1 st Conjugation: infinitives end in –are 2 nd Conjugation: infinitives end in –ēre 3 rd Conjugation: infinitives end in –ere 4 th Conjugation: infinitives end in -ire

Four Principal Parts • Most Verbs are listed in Latin Dictionaries with 4 Principal Parts. We will only be concerned with the first 2 parts. • amo, amare- 1 st Conjugation • sedeo, sedēre- 2 nd Conjugation • lego, legere- 3 rd Conjugation • Iacio, iacere- 3 rd Conjugation io • dormio, dormire- 4 th Conjugation

Building Present Tense Verbs • All Verbs in Latin are made up of two parts: a stem and an ending • we have seen the personal endings for verbs: o, s, t, mus, tis, nt • To build a present tense verb, add these endings to the present stem of the Latin verb • To form the present stem: • remove –re from 2 nd principal parts of 1 st, 2 nd, and 4 th Conjugation verbs • remove –o from 3 rd Conjugation verbs

Personal Present Tense Endings Add these endings to the stem Singular Plural 1 st Person -o -(i)mus 2 nd Person -(i)s -(i)tis 3 rd Person -(i)t -(u)nt -i and –u is added for 3 rd conjugation verbs -u is added for 3 rd io and 4 th conjugation verbs

Present Tense amo, amare stem: ama. Singular Plural 1 st Person amo* amamus 2 nd Person amas amatis 3 rd Person amat amant sedeo, sedēre stem: sede. Singular Plural 1 st Person sedeo sedemus 2 nd Person sedes sedetis 3 rd Person sedet sedent

lego, legere stem: leg. Singular Plural 1 st Person lego legimus 2 nd Person legis legitis 3 rd Person legit legunt iacio, iacere stem: iaci. Singular Plural 1 st Person iacio iacimus 2 nd Person iacis iacitis 3 rd Person iacit iaciunt audio, audire stem: audi. Singular Plural 1 st Person audio audimus 2 nd Person audis auditis 3 rd Person audit audiunt

Imperative • Imperative is the MOOD of a Latin Verb used to give COMMANDS The singular imperative can be formed by removing the –re from the 2 nd Principal Part of Verbs (infinitives) amare= ama! Love! sedēre= sedē! Sit! legere= lege! Read iacere= iace! Throw! audire= audi! Listen!

Imperative • The plural imperative is formed by adding – (I)TE to the present stem. (I) is for regular 3 rd conjugation only • ama+ te= amate= Love! • sedē+ te= sedete= Sit! • leg + ite= Read! • iaci + te= Throw! • audi + te= Listen!

iubeo, iubēre & doceo, docēre • These verbs take an accusative direct object and an infinitive • Dominus servos laborare iubet. • The master orders the slaves to work. • Mater pueros legere docet. • Mother teaches the boys to read.