Conjugations of Latin Verbs Principle Parts Almost every

Conjugations of Latin Verbs

Principle Parts • Almost every verb has 4 principle parts • The 1 st principle part is the first person of the present tense • The 2 nd principle part is the infinitive which is used for the present, imperfect, and future tenses • The 3 rd principle part is used for the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses • The 4 th principal part is used for the passive voice & participles

General Rules for Conjugating • For the present, imperfect, and future tense you use the infinitive of the verb. – You take off the –re and add the specific ending for each tense. • For the perfect, pluperfect, & future perfect tenses you use third principle part of the verb. -You take off the –i & add the specific ending for each tense.

Conjugations • There are 4 conjugations of Latin verbs 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th -are -ēre -ere -ire

Tenses • There are 6 verb tenses in Latin: -Present -Perfect -Imperfect -Pluperfect -Future Perfect • Each tense has its own endings

Present Tense • The present tense is used to describe what is going on or what is happening now. • endings: -o or m -mus -s -tis -t -nt

Imperfect Tense • The imperfect tense is used to tell about an action that occurs in the past or went on for a long time. • The endings are: – bam -bamus – bas -batis – bat -bant

Future Tense • The future tense is used to tell what will or is going to happen. • The future tense also has two sets of ending. • The endings for 1 st and 2 nd conjugations are: – bo -bimus – bis -bitis – bit -bunt

Future Tense Continued • The other set of endings is used for the 3 rd and 4 th conjugations. • Those endings are: – am -emus – es -etis – et -ent – REMEMBER – BO, BI, BU for 1 & 2, A & E for 4 & 3

Perfect Tense • The perfect tense is used to tell about a completed action or what has happened. • The endings are: –i -imus – isti -istis – it -erunt

Pluperfect Tense • The pluperfect tense is used to tell about an action that occurred before the perfect tense or what had happened. • The endings are: – eram -eramus – eras -eratis – erat -erant

Future Perfect Tense • The future perfect tense is used with conditional phrases, clauses with if, and tells what will have happened • The endings are: – ero -erimus – eris -eritis – erit -erint

St 1 Conjugation Amo, amare, amavi, amatus = To love Present amo amamus amatis amat amant Imperfect amabamus amabatis amabat amabant Future amabo amabimus amabitis amabit amabunt

st 1 Continued Perfect amavimus amavistis amavit amaverunt Pluperfect amaveramus amaveratis amaverat amaverant Future Perfect amavero amaverimus amaveritis amaverit amaverint

nd 2 Conjugation Maneo, manēre, mansi, mansurus = To remain, stay, wait Present maneo manemus manetis manet manent Imperfect manebamus manebatis manebat manebant Future manebo manebimus manebitis manebit manebunt

nd 2 Continued Perfect mansimus mansistis mansit manserunt Pluperfect manseramus manseratis manserat manserant Future Perfect mansero manserimus manseritis manserit manserint

rd 3 Conjugation • There are regular 3 rd conjugation verbs and 3 rd –io. • For all third conjugation verbs instead of only taking off the –re and adding the endings for the present tense you have to change the e to an i. • For the rest of the tenses the rules are the same but for the 3 rd –io you put an i before the e in the imperfect and future tenses. • Also in the 3 rd person plural form of the present tense the i changes to an u.

3 rd Conjugation (regular) Cado, cadere, cecidi, casurus = To fall Present cado cadimus caditis cadit cadunt Imperfect cadebamus cadebatis cadebat cadebant Future cadam cademus cadetis cadet cadent

3 rd Conjugation (regular)… Perfect cecidimus cecidistis cecidit ceciderunt Pluperfect cecideramus cecideratis ceciderat ceciderant Future Perfect cecidero ceciderimus cecideritis ceciderit ceciderint

rd 3 Conjugation (-io) Facio, facere, feci, factus = To make, do Present facio facimus facitis facit faciunt Imperfect faciebamus faciebatis faciebat faciebant Future faciam faciemus facietis faciet facient

rd 3 Conjugation (-io)… Perfect fecimus fecistis fecit fecerunt Pluperfect feceramus feceratis fecerat fecerant Future Perfect fecero fecerimus feceritis fecerit fecerint

th 4 Conjugation Dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormiturus= To sleep Present dormio dormimus dormitis dormit dormiunt Imperfect dormiebamus dormiebatis dormiebat dormiebant Future dormiam dormiemus dormietis dormiet dormient

4 th Conjugation Continued Perfect dormivisti dormivit Pluperfect dormivimus dormivistis dormiverunt dormiveramus dormiveratis dormiverat dormiverant Future Perfect dormivero dormiverimus dormiveris dormniveritis dormiverit dormiverint

Irregular Verbs • Along with regular verbs there also irregular verbs in Latin. • They have their own endings and have a special ways of being conjugated. • The six verbs that will be conjugated are esse, posse, velle, nolle, ferre, and ire.

Sum, esse, fui, futurus-to be Imperfect Present Future sumus eramus ero erimus es estis eratis eritis est sunt erant erit erunt Perfect fuisti fuit fuimus fuistis fuerunt Future Perfect Pluperfect fueramus fueratis fuerat fuerant fuero fuerimus fueritis fuerit fuerint

Possum, posse, potui- to be able This verb is just like esse only there must be a pot before the e and pos before the s. Present Imperfect possumus potestis potest possunt poteramus poteratis poterat poterant Future potero poterimus poteritis poterit poterunt

Possum, posse, potui- to be able… Pluperfect Perfect potuisti potuit potuimus potuistis potuerunt potueram potueras potueramus potueratis potuerat potuerant Future Perfect potuero potuerimus potueritis potuerit potuerint

Volo, velle, volui- to want Nolo, nolle, nolui- to not want • These two verbs conjugated the same way. Imperfect Present Future volo volumus volebam vis vult volunt Present volebas volebamus volam volebatis voletis volebat volebant volet Imperfect Future nolebamus nolam nolemus non vultis nolebatis noletis nolebat nolebant nolent nolo nolumus non vis non vult nolunt nolebam volemus

Volo, velle, volui- to want Nolo, nolle, nolui- to not want… Perfect voluisti voluit voluimus voluistis voluerunt Perfect noluisti noluit Pluperfect volueram volueras voluerat volueramus voluero volueratis voluerit Pluperfect noluimus nolueram noluistis nolueras noluerunt noluerat Future Perfect voluerimus volueritis voluerint Future Perfect nolueramus noluero nolueratis noluerit noluerimus nolueritis noluerint

Fero, ferre, tuli, latus- to bring, carry Present fero ferimus fertis fert ferunt Imperfect ferebamus ferebatis ferebat ferebant Future feram feremus feretis feret ferent

Fero, ferre, tuli, latus… Pluperfect Perfect tulisti tulit tulimus tulistis tulerunt tuleram tuleras tuleramus tuleratis tulerat tulerant Future Perfect tulero tulerimus tuleritis tulerit tulerint

Eo, ire, ivi, iturus To go Present eo imus is it eunt Imperfect ibamus ibatis ibat ibant Future ibo ibimus ibitis ibit ibunt

Eo, ire, ivi, iturus… Pluperfect Perfect ivisti ivit ivimus ivistis iverunt iveram iveras iveramus iveratis iverat iverant Future Perfect ivero iverimus iveritis iverit iverint

THE END