CONIFERS Pines Pinus Abies Fir Pseudotsuga Douglas Fir
CONIFERS Pines (Pinus)
Abies (Fir)
Pseudotsuga (Douglas Fir)
Picea (Spruce)
Juniperus (Juniper)
Cupressus (Cypress)
Sporophyte
Primary Growth: Shoot Apex
Primary Growth: Stele
Primary Growth: Xylem Endarch Xylem Development
Xylem: Tracheids (Circular Bordered Pits) Fig. 17 -17 in Gifford and Foster 1989
Xylem: Bordered Pit Pairs Fig. 17 -17 in Gifford and Foster 1989
Phloem: Sieve Elements = Sieve Cells Fig. 3 -18 in Gifford and Foster 1989
Leaf Anatomy I
Leaves: One Vein versus Two Veins Soft Pines (Pinon Pines, Southwestern White Pine) Hard Pines (Ponderosa Pine, Chihuahua Pine)
Leaf Anatomy II
Conifer Shoot Secondary Growth
Roots
Root Primary Growth
Root Secondary Growth
Megasporogenesis: Megastrobilus (Bract, Ovuliferous Scale)
Megasporogenesis Ovule (= Integument + Megasporangum), Megasporocyte (2 n) (Bract, Ovuliferous Scale)
Putative Origin of Compound Female Cone I (Lebachia, Ernestiodendron) Fig. 17 -28 in Gifford and Foster 1989
Putative Origin of Compound Female Cone II (Pseudovoltzia, Voltzia) Fig. 17 -29 in Gifford and Foster 1989
Megasporogenesis: Meiosis, 4 Megaspores (1 n)
Megasporogenesis: Meiosis, 4 Megaspores (1 n) Integument Micropyle Megasporangium Pollen Chamber Functional Megaspore
Megagametogenesis: Free Nuclear Stage
Megagametogenesis: Cellular Stage (with Archegonia)
Megagametogenesis: Archegonia 1 -6 Archegonia / Gametophyte 1 -2 Tiers of Four Neck Cells Egg Cell Covered by Layer of Cells
Microsporogenesis (Microsporophyll, Microsporangium)
Microsporogenesis (Microsporophyll, Microsporangium)
Microsporogenesis (Microsporophyll, Microsporangium)
Microgametogenesis I (Inside the Microsporangium) • Prothallial Cell 1 • Prothallial Cell 2 • Generative Cell • Tube Nucleus Fig. 23 -24 in Bold et al. 1987
Microgametogenesis II (After Pollination) • Generative Cell (Ultimately, Body Cell and Stalk Cell) • Body Cell (Ultimately, Sperm Cells 1 and 2) • Stalk Cell Fig. 23 -24 in Bold et al. 1987
Fertilization Fig. 17 -37 a in Gifford and Foster 2010
Early Embryogeny Fig. 17 -37 C-G in Gifford and Foster 1989
Early Embryogeny
Embryonal Suspensors Fig. 17 -37 H-I in Gifford and Foster 1989
Cleavage Polyembryony Fig. 17 -37 J in Gifford and Foster 1989
Mature Embryo inside Seed Fig. 17 -36 in Gifford and Foster 2010
Ponderosa Pine Seeds
Pine Reproductive Cycle Fig. 17 -30 in Gifford and Foster 1989
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