Congressional Radical Reconstruction Recap 14 th Amendment Ratified

Congressional “Radical” Reconstruction Recap! � 14 th Amendment Ratified � 15 th Amendment Ratified �KKK Act of 1871 passed �Established Schools/Churches �Carpetbaggers/Scalawags serve in state legislatures �African Americans Elected to Office �Repeal of Black Codes �Military presence in the south

HOW DID RECONSTRUCTION COME TO AN END?

Reconstruction Loses Momentum! �Depression of 1873 (First Major Economic Collapse) �We need our money and troops elsewhere (Indian Wars out West) �Americans blame Republicans for state of economy and countless scandals (US Grant is POTUS) Credit Mobilier Scandal and the Whiskey Ring �Radicals find themselves the minority party as democrats gain seats �Democrats regain control in south �Resurgence of KKK pushing out (carpetbaggers, scalawags and black legislators) Supreme Court �Decisions KKK Act of 1871 and Civil Rights Act of 1875 (Unconstitutional)

1876 Presidential Tickets

1876 Presidential Election

The Political Crisis of 1877 « No Clear Winner « “Corrupt Bargain”?

Conflict is often the result of differing perspectives! WHAT ROLE DID COMPROMISE PLAY?

The “Compromise” of 1877 �Hayes (Republican) becomes President �Federal troops removed from south �Funding for southern infrastructure �Southern Democrat appointed to cabinet

Post Reconstruction South WITH RECONSTRUCTION OVER, SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS BEGAN REMOVING RADICAL REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENTS AND REWRITING LAWS IN ORDER TO DISENFRANCHISE FREEDMEN

The Rise of Jim Crow �Governments in the south try to maintain “pre-war” societal norms through segregating (separating) the races. They were called ‘Redeemers. ” �Directed primarily at African Americans but other groups experience discrimination as well (American Indians- 1924) Is this legal under the 14 th Amendment?

The Rise of Jim Crow Laws �Plessey v. Ferguson 1896/ Supreme Court Case- upholding segregation= Separate but Equal 1. Describe New Orleans society during Reconstruction. 2. What were the facts and the central issue of Plessy v. Ferguson? 3. What was the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson on American society? 4. What happened to the civil liberties of people of color after the verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson?

Discrimination �Housing �Education �Society �Job Opportunities Sharecropping (No protection for unfair contracts) �Government Offices �Disenfranchisement Literacy Tests Poll Taxes Grandfather Clauses

Historians Contextualize When reconstruction ended, Africans Americans gradually began losing their civil rights and political power in the south. Southern states began to pass laws that required segregation. Booker T. Washington and W. E. B Du Bois had differing viewpoints on how best to respond to discrimination.

Booker T. Washington He urged blacks to accept discrimination for the time being and concentrate on elevating themselves through hard work and material prosperity. He believed in education in the crafts, industrial and farming skills and the cultivation of the virtues of patience, enterprise and thrift. This, he said, would win the respect of whites and lead to African Americans being fully accepted as citizens and integrated into all strata of society.

W. E. B DUBOIS The Du Bois philosophy was one of agitation and protest for civil rights.

What is the legacy of Reconstruction? “The Slave went free, stood a brief moment in the sun, and retreated back into slavery. ” WEB Du. Bois What does this quote reveal regarding the experiences of African Americans during Reconstruction?