Congress of Vienna 18141815 Goals of the Congress
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Congress of Vienna 18141815
Goals of the Congress • Peace settlement • Legitimacy: restore “legal” governments (hereditary monarchy) • Compensation: reward nations that helped to defeat Napoleon
Goals of the Congress • Balance of power: agreed to keep any one country from becoming too powerful • Surround France with strong countries
Quadruple Alliance • • Austria Prussia Russia Great Britain Prince Clemens von Metternich
Key Representatives • Austria: Count Metternich • Great Britain: Lord Castlereagh • Prussia: King Frederick William • Russia: Czar Alexander I • France: Talleyrand
Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna • Empire: ended & French borders returned to those of 1792 (before the war started) • Former royal family restored to the throne (i. e. Louis XVIII became King of France)
Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna • Borders changed to reward countries that helped to defeat Napoleon, to maintain the balance of power & to surround France with strong states
Land Distribution • Prussia: given land along the Rhine, part of Saxony • Austria: given back Northern Italy; also to oversee the German Federation
Land Distribution • Russia: given Poland • Great Britain: given various islands (i. e. Malta) & Cape Colony (southern tip of Africa)
Land Distribution • Sweden: given Norway • Sardinia & Piedmont joined • Dutch Netherlands: given the Austrian Netherlands (Belgium)
Land Distribution • Napoleon returned just before the treaty was finalized (the 100 Days); after he was defeated again (Waterloo), France was forced to pay an indemnity (payment for war costs)
Post Vienna • Concert of Europe: • Countries had regular meetings to settle international problems
Post Vienna • Quadruple Alliance (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria) • Holy Alliance (Prussia, Russia, Austria) • Metternich System: • Defend absolute monarchy • Stamp out nationalism and liberalism
Post Vienna • Nationalism: national pride; the desire of groups of people to have their own country and independent government based on nationality
Post Vienna • Liberalism: based on the ideas of the Enlightenment & the moderate French Revolution; supported freedoms of speech, press, religion & trade and equality before the law
Revolts/Revolutions … • Liberals in Spain & Nationalists in Italy tried to overthrow the monarchies • The Concert of Europe intervened and crushed these rebellions
Revolts/Revolutions … • BUT… • In Latin America many countries became independent from Spain and Portugal
Napoleon’s Legacy • Millions of people died in the wars • BUT Napoleon had spread the revolutionary ideas of Nationalism and Liberalism • Ideas that continue to affect the world today • France has 4 more revolutions in the 1800’s!
- Strategic goals tactical goals operational goals
- Strategic goals tactical goals operational goals
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