Congress of Vienna 18141815 Goals of the Congress

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Congress of Vienna 18141815

Congress of Vienna 18141815

Goals of the Congress • Peace settlement • Legitimacy: restore “legal” governments (hereditary monarchy)

Goals of the Congress • Peace settlement • Legitimacy: restore “legal” governments (hereditary monarchy) • Compensation: reward nations that helped to defeat Napoleon

Goals of the Congress • Balance of power: agreed to keep any one country

Goals of the Congress • Balance of power: agreed to keep any one country from becoming too powerful • Surround France with strong countries

Quadruple Alliance • • Austria Prussia Russia Great Britain Prince Clemens von Metternich

Quadruple Alliance • • Austria Prussia Russia Great Britain Prince Clemens von Metternich

Key Representatives • Austria: Count Metternich • Great Britain: Lord Castlereagh • Prussia: King

Key Representatives • Austria: Count Metternich • Great Britain: Lord Castlereagh • Prussia: King Frederick William • Russia: Czar Alexander I • France: Talleyrand

Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna • Empire: ended & French borders returned

Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna • Empire: ended & French borders returned to those of 1792 (before the war started) • Former royal family restored to the throne (i. e. Louis XVIII became King of France)

Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna • Borders changed to reward countries that

Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna • Borders changed to reward countries that helped to defeat Napoleon, to maintain the balance of power & to surround France with strong states

Land Distribution • Prussia: given land along the Rhine, part of Saxony • Austria:

Land Distribution • Prussia: given land along the Rhine, part of Saxony • Austria: given back Northern Italy; also to oversee the German Federation

Land Distribution • Russia: given Poland • Great Britain: given various islands (i. e.

Land Distribution • Russia: given Poland • Great Britain: given various islands (i. e. Malta) & Cape Colony (southern tip of Africa)

Land Distribution • Sweden: given Norway • Sardinia & Piedmont joined • Dutch Netherlands:

Land Distribution • Sweden: given Norway • Sardinia & Piedmont joined • Dutch Netherlands: given the Austrian Netherlands (Belgium)

Land Distribution • Napoleon returned just before the treaty was finalized (the 100 Days);

Land Distribution • Napoleon returned just before the treaty was finalized (the 100 Days); after he was defeated again (Waterloo), France was forced to pay an indemnity (payment for war costs)

Post Vienna • Concert of Europe: • Countries had regular meetings to settle international

Post Vienna • Concert of Europe: • Countries had regular meetings to settle international problems

Post Vienna • Quadruple Alliance (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria) • Holy Alliance (Prussia, Russia,

Post Vienna • Quadruple Alliance (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria) • Holy Alliance (Prussia, Russia, Austria) • Metternich System: • Defend absolute monarchy • Stamp out nationalism and liberalism

Post Vienna • Nationalism: national pride; the desire of groups of people to have

Post Vienna • Nationalism: national pride; the desire of groups of people to have their own country and independent government based on nationality

Post Vienna • Liberalism: based on the ideas of the Enlightenment & the moderate

Post Vienna • Liberalism: based on the ideas of the Enlightenment & the moderate French Revolution; supported freedoms of speech, press, religion & trade and equality before the law

Revolts/Revolutions … • Liberals in Spain & Nationalists in Italy tried to overthrow the

Revolts/Revolutions … • Liberals in Spain & Nationalists in Italy tried to overthrow the monarchies • The Concert of Europe intervened and crushed these rebellions

Revolts/Revolutions … • BUT… • In Latin America many countries became independent from Spain

Revolts/Revolutions … • BUT… • In Latin America many countries became independent from Spain and Portugal

Napoleon’s Legacy • Millions of people died in the wars • BUT Napoleon had

Napoleon’s Legacy • Millions of people died in the wars • BUT Napoleon had spread the revolutionary ideas of Nationalism and Liberalism • Ideas that continue to affect the world today • France has 4 more revolutions in the 1800’s!