Congenital Urogenital Malformations Prefinal Topics Renal agenesis Renal

Congenital Urogenital Malformations Prefinal

Topics Renal agenesis Renal hypoplasia Renal fusion Ectopic kidney Ureteral atresia Duplication of the ureter Supernumerary kidneys

Renal agenesis Virtually always unilateral. Kidney is either absent or undeveloped. Usually causes no symptoms and found incidentally.

Renal Agenesis

Renal hypoplasia May appear as one small kidney with the other one larger than normal. Small kidneys also have small arteries and are associated with hypertension requiring nephrectomy.

Renal hypoplasia

Renal fusion (horseshoe kidney) Prevalence 1 in 1, 000 people. Most frequent abnormality seen is a horseshoe kidney containing 2 excretory systems and 2 ureters. Usually asymptomatic but are prone to obstruction.

Renal fusion (horseshoe kidney)

Ectopic (Pelvis Kidney) In simple ectopy, the kidney does not ascend properly and is found in the pelvis or over the brim. Prone to obstruction and infection. Less commonly crossed ectopy without fusion. The kidney then lies on the opposite side and is not attached to the normally placed kidney.

Ectopic Kidney (Pelvis Kidney)

Ureteral atresia The ureter may be absent or fails to extend to the bladder and therefore with a blind ending. It is associated with ipsilateral absent or multicystic kidney. Bilateral atresia is incompatible with life. Unilateral atresia is usually asymptomatic but may cause hypertension.

Ureteral atresia

Duplication of the ureter One of the most common congenital malformations of the urinary tract with duplication found in 0. 9% of a series of autopsies. More common in females and is often bilateral. Often asymptomatic but commonly presents with persistent or recurrent urinary tract infections.

Duplication of the ureter

Supernumerary kidneys Third kidney is very rare and not to be confused with the relatively common unilateral duplication of the renal pelvis.

Supernumerary kidneys