Confucius China before Confucius z The Yellow Emperor

Confucius

China before Confucius z. The “Yellow Emperor” z. Xia and Shang Dynasties y 2070 B. C. - 1046 B. C. z. Zhou Dynasty y 1046 B. C. - 256 B. C. z“Spring and Autumn” period y 770 B. C. - 476 B. C.

Confucius z. Born in 551 B. C. zdied in 479 B. C.

Confucianism z. Concerned primarily with restoring social stability and order y. What is the basis of a stable, unified, and enduring social order? za system of social and ethical philosophy y“only when character is cultivated are our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed. ”

Confucianism zli yrituals, norms, institutions, or mores ythe outer, conforming aspect of Confucianism zren yhumaneness, love, kindness, benevolence, or virtue ythe inner, reforming aspect of Confucianism

Li z. Rites, ceremonies, proper behavior, and good manner zperformed in good faith, with everyone keeping to his or her proper role zuniversal harmony zno need for physical sanctions, laws, or punishment

Ren z. Relationship between "two persons” zextension of filial piety to all human beings zeach role in the hierarchy of social relations had clearly defined duties yreciprocity or mutual responsibility

Five relationships zfather-child zruler-subject zhusband-wife zelder brother-younger brother zfriend-friend

Confucianism z. Persecuted in Qin Dynasty y 221 B. C. - 206 B. C. zpromoted by later rulers

Confucianism zreinforced by the civil examination system y“keju”: civil examination yfrom 605 to 1905

In today’s China