Conflict REVIEW 9 World War I Causes Militarism

Conflict REVIEW #9

World War I Causes • Militarism (Industrial Rev. ) • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism • Assassination of archduke Francis Ferdinand in the Balkan powder keg by Serbian nationalist WWI Europe 19141919 Effects • Germany blamed Treaty of Versailles Depression Hitler/WWII • New countries in Eastern Europe • League of Nations created but very weak • Mandates created in Middle East • Nationalist movements

World War II Causes • Appeasement • League of Nations weak • Great Depression weakens capitalist democracies • Treaty of Versailles punished Central Powers • Fascist dictators rise to power WWII 19391945 Effects • Germany and Japan are occupied and controlled by U. S. , Western Europe • Europe’s economies ruined, lose grip on colonies • U. S. vs Soviet Union (CW) • Nuclear Age • Eastern Europe conquered and controlled by Stalin (Iron Curtain) • Geneva Conventions, Universal Decl. of Human Rights • United Nations created, stronger than the L of N

Cold War Causes • End of WWII • Superpowers: U. S. and U. S. S. R. • Conflict of ideologies (Communism vs. capitalism/democracy) Cold War 19451990 Effects • Division of Berlin & Germany (Yalta Conference) • NATO & Warsaw Pact • Arms Race (nuclear proliferation) • Space Race • Korean War, 1950 -1953 • Cuban Missile Crisis • Vietnam War, 1964 -1975 • Détente, 1963 -1979 • Fall of Berlin Wall, 1989 • Collapse of Communism

Human Rights Violations Ukraine • Stalin implements Five Year Plan and collective farms • Kulaks (wealthy, industrialized farmers) in Ukraine protest • Forced famine • The state sets high quotas a takes food grown South Africa • Imperialism = white control of South Africa • Apartheid in South Africa (separation of the races) blacks can’t vote, public facilities separated • Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu use civil disobedience to end it Rwanda • Berlin Conference (1884) causes ethnic conflict • Hutu extremists attack Tutsi minorities • 1 million dead in 100 days • UN involvement • Mass migration from Rwanda

Human Rights Violations Cambodia Myanmar Sudan • American forces leave Vietnam • Communist rebels in the Khmer Rouge under Pol Pot come to power • Slaughtered over one million Cambodians to rid Cambodia of Western influence • Fighting continued until the 1990 s • Repressive military takes over when British leave • Struggles with poverty and ethnic tensions • Aung San Suu Kyi has led a democratic movement against military rule • Arab Muslims (janjaweed) attacking Black Muslims in Darfur (South Sudan) • Refugee crisis as people flee Darfur • Sudan rich in oil = no U. N. intervention • Country now divided into N & S, still violence today • Won recent elections under international pressure

Modern Crisis in the Middle East Secular vs. Traditional Palestine/ Israel The 21 st Century • Islamic Fundamentalism (struggle between Western/ Technology ideas and traditional Islam • Examples: Iranian Revolution with rise of Ayatollah Khomeini • Taliban in Afghanistan • Anti-Semitism throughout world • Created Israel in 1947 as homeland to Jews • Desire for homeland = Jewish and Arab nationalism • Extremists preventing peace process from both sides • 2 state solution? • 9/11 attacks led to increase US presence in Middle East (Iraq and Afghanistan) • Led to women’s rights but more anti. West sentiments