Conflict Management Transcendence Ethics Hun Myoung Park Ph

Conflict Management: Transcendence Ethics Hun Myoung Park, Ph. D. , International University of Japan

Transcendence Ethics 1 • Lee (1996) The Analects of Confucius, the Works of Mencius, and Public Administration • Transcendence ethics • Minimum conditions for symbiosis (coexistence of two extremes) • Assuming an adverse circumstance where ordinary citizens (the weak) struggle against dictatorship (the strong) • Nonviolence personal ethic social (intrapersonal) ethic self-sacrifice 2

Transcendence Ethics 2 • Personal ethic: getting knowledge and skills, pursuing cooperation and agreement with members • Social ethic: to improve social relationship and welfare rather than providing quantitative services and materials • Self-sacrifice is to sacrifices himself and save other eventually

Transcendence Ethics 3

Nonviolence 1 • Talk or use of words • Not to use any physical, verbal, emotional, and psychological violence • To be rational, calm, etc. (as opposed to be emotional) • Not to do what ought not to be done • Not to be obedient or submissive but to say what is right and true • To say only what is really needed (minimalist) • Grounded on natural law, common sense, and/or formal laws and procedures

Nonviolence 2 • The weak does not have strong power • A way to protect the weak from violence of the power • To defeat the strong (lethal weapon) • A regime based on violence does not follow even their laws and then eventually collapse by nonviolent civil disobedience ( Lee 1986: 297)

Example in HR-Management • Nonviolence: – Refusal to spoil systems – Not to fire those whose ideologies are different from mine • Personal ethic: – Scientific management – Improvement of human relations

Example in HR-Management • Social ethic: – No discrimination against gender, race, … – Equal employment opportunity – Consider minority groups • Self-sacrifice: – Allow labor union to do collective bargaining – Consider different opinions favorably

Principled/Nonviolence • Principled negotiation is equivalent to nonviolence (and personal ethic). • Use words or rely on the truth • Exclude brutal violence and emotional behavior (verbal expression) • Stick to rules (principles)

Lessons • • Conflict is evitable but has a history. Don’t’ try to eradicate or resolve conflict Try to manage conflict not to be destructive Be rational and respect others principled bargaining • Begin with non-violence and then transcend toward self-sacrifice • Non-violence as a way of protecting myself and persuading others

Reference • Fisher, Roger, William Ury, and Bruce Patton. 2011. Getting To Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, 3 th ed. New York: Penguin. • Lee, Moon-Young. 1996. The Analects of Confucius, the Works of Mencius, and Public Administration. [Korean]. Seoul, Korea: Nanam Publishing House. • Lee, Moon-Young. 2011. Man, Religion, and State. [Korean]. Seoul, Korea: Nanam Publishing House.

Reference • Park, Hun Myoung. 2015. Moon-Young Lee's Transcendence Ethics for Democratic Public Administration: Meanings and Rationales of Lee's Nonviolence. World Environment and Island Studies 5(4): 283 -296. • Pondy, Louis R. 1967. Organization Conflict: Concepts and Models. Administrative Science Quarterly 12(2): 296 -320. • Pondy, Louis R. 1992. Reflections on Organizational Conflict. Journal of Organizational Behavior 13(3): 257 -261.

Reference • Robbins, Stephen P. 1978. “Conflict Management" and “Conflict Resolution" Are Not Synonymous Terms. California Management Review 21(2): 67 -75. • Thomas, Kenneth W. 1976. Conflict and Conflict Management. In Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, ed. M. D. Dunnette, 889 -935. Chicago, IL: Rand Mc. Nally. • Thomas, Kenneth W. 1992. Conflict and Conflict Management: Reflections and Update. Journal of Organizational Behavior 13(3): 265 -274.