Confidential 2020 MEM Confidential 2020 MEM HOLOZOIC NUTRITION

HOLOZOIC NUTRITION Holozoic nutrition (holo means of whole + zoikos means of animals) is

Stages involved in holozoic mode of nutrition Ingestion • Refers to the process of

Important terms • • • Nutrients Nutrition Enzymes Holozoic nutrition Ingestion Digestion Absorption Assimilation

Recap of the previous learned concepts • What are nutrients? • What is digestion?

Human Digestive system The human digestive system consists of (a) The alimentary canal: It

Mouth and Buccal cavity • Process of digestion begins in mouth. The teeth help

Types of teeth 1. Incisors: used for cutting and biting food 2. Canines: used

Structure of tooth Root Neck Crown Confidential © 2020, MEM

Important terms • Digestive system • Buccal cavity • Mastication • Types of tooth

Structure of tooth Root : the part of the tooth inside the jaw Neck:

Structure of tooth • The crown of the tooth is covered with enamel •

Tongue • Fleshy , muscular sense organ • Attached to the back of the

Oesophagus • Masticated food is pushed into the oesophagus • Involuntary muscles of oesophagus

Recap • Peristalsis • Functions of different parts of teeth • Salivary amylase •

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HOLOZOIC NUTRITION Holozoic nutrition (holo means of whole + zoikos means of animals) is a method of nutrition that involves the food taken in the complex form is broken down into simpler particles and absorbed and utilised by the body Confidential © 2020, MEM

Stages involved in holozoic mode of nutrition Ingestion • Refers to the process of food intake Digestion • Breaking down food into simple soluble form Absorption • Passage of soluble food into body fluids Assimilation • Utilisation of absorbed food to provide energy and growth of body Egestion • Removal of undigested food from the body Confidential © 2020, MEM

Recap of the previous learned concepts • What are nutrients? • What is digestion? • Name the nutrients required by the body. • What are the steps of holozoic nutrition? • What is nutrition? Confidential © 2020, MEM

Human Digestive system The human digestive system consists of (a) The alimentary canal: It is a long tube that begins at mouth and ends at anus. (b) The associated glands It includes salivary glands, liver and pancreas. Its function is breaking food into smaller particles for absorption into the body Confidential © 2020, MEM

Mouth and Buccal cavity • Process of digestion begins in mouth. The teeth help chew the food and break it mechanically into small pieces. • Mastication: The process of breaking down food into small pieces is called mastication. Confidential © 2020, MEM

Types of teeth 1. Incisors: used for cutting and biting food 2. Canines: used for piercing and tearing food 3. Molars: chewing and grinding food 4. Premolars: chewing and grinding food Confidential © 2020, MEM

Tongue • Fleshy , muscular sense organ • Attached to the back of the floor of the buccal cavity and can move in all directions • Helps in mixing saliva with the food and hence softening the food that makes it easy to chew and swallow • Saliva present in the mouth contains an enzyme salivary amylase that helps to start digesting carbohydrates in the mouth. Confidential © 2020, MEM

Oesophagus • Masticated food is pushed into the oesophagus • Involuntary muscles of oesophagus gently squeeze the food and push it into the stomach. • This movement is called PERISTALSIS • Peristaltic movement occurs throughout the alimentary canal. Confidential © 2020, MEM