Conditionals Las oraciones condicionales son oraciones compuesta por

Conditionals

Las oraciones condicionales son oraciones compuesta por : o una subordinada que expresa la condición ( conditional clause – if ) o una principal que indica el resultado ( result clause). En inglés existen 3 tipos: First conditional: If + present simple + future simple 1 st If you give me a hand , I will be really grateful. ( Si me echas una mano, estaré muy agradecido) §No importa el orden en que se coloquen las preposiciones, pero si la condición ( if ) va primero se suele poner una coma entre ambas. § Además del future simple en el resultado también se pueden usar los modales y el imperativo You can´t go out if you don´t finish your homework If you search for information on the Internet, use Google

§ Para expresar que algo no ocurrirá si no se cumple la condición, la proposición es introducida por unless = if not ( a no ser que , a menos que ) Unless you study hard this term , you will fail English. If you don´t study hard this term , you will fail English. § Unless se usa más en el 1 st conditional. Es menos frecuente en el 2 nd y nunca en el 3 rd. If + present simple , future simple Unless = if not Modal Imperative

Seconditional If + past simple , would + infinitivo 2 nd If I studied harder , I would pass this exam § Si el verbo de la condición ( if ) es “to be” se suele utilizar were en todas las personas. If I were a rich girl, I would buy a new car § Para dar consejos se usa… If I were you, I wouldn´t go ( Yo que tú no iría) § Podemos usar en vez de would los modales could o might ( indican que la probabilidad de que se cumpla la hipótesis es aún menor – podría, tal vez, quizás-)

Third conditional If + past perfect , would have + participio If you had studied harder, you would have passed this exam § En vez de would have también podemos usar could have o might have If Jack had come , we could have gone to the party 3 rd

Summing up…. 1 st If + present simple , Unless = if not 2 nd 3 rd future simple Modal Imperative If + past simple , would + infinitivo Could might If + past perfect , would have + participio Could have might have

Oraciones temporales § Se forman como las de 1 st conditional : Present Simple , Future Simple. Lo que cambian son las conjunciones : as soon as , by the time , when , the moment (that) , etc She´ll buy a car as soon as she passes her driving test When I get home, I´ll help you with your homework

Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentences. Use the first, second or third conditionals. 1. We didn’t visit the museum because it was closed. would have visited it had been We ……………… the museum if …………… open. 2. The temperature may reach 0º C tonight and the lake will freeze. If the temperature …………… 0º C tonight, the lake …………… reaches, will freeze. 3. She hasn’t got a laptop so she can’t work when she’s travelling. had would be able to work If she …………… a laptop, she …………… when she travels. could work would work 4. Hurry or you’ll miss the bus. hurry You ……………… the bus unless you ……………. will miss 5. Bill had an accident because he was careless. hadn’t been If Bill …………… careless, he …………… wouldn’t have had an accident. 6. Robbie is only nice to Ellie because she lets him borrow her i. Pod. Robbie ………………… so nice to Ellie if she didn’t …………… let him borrow wouldn’t be didn’t lend him her i. Pod.

§ Choose the correct answer. 1. If Fred had the right tools, he … the tap himself. a. can fix b. fixed c. could fix 2. You might lose the file if you … a copy. a. don’t make b. won’t make c. didn’t make 3. If I … you, I wouldn’t order the fish. a. were b. will be c. am 4. We’ll borrow some chairs if we … them. a. needed b. need c. will need 5. You’ll never succeed unless you …. a. will try b. don’t try c. try 6. Ron … my phone number if he doesn’t write it down. a. forgets b. may forget c. would forget

Wish Clauses Las oraciones desiderativas-wish clauses- expresan un deseo y se pueden formar : Øcon el verbo wish Øcon la expresión if only Wish if only Desearía , gustaría Ojalá , si al menos… Pueden usarse con varios tiempos I wish = ojalá

Wish / if only + Past simple Wish / if only + Past Perfect Wish / if only + Could Would Situaciones presentes que quisiéramos cambiar/mejorar Hechos pasados lamentando lo Ocurrido He wishes his house were bigger If only I lived near the school Pam wishes she and Tom hadn´t broken up If only Sarah had arrived earlier Deseos sobre situaciones futuras, indicando q es poco + base form probable q ocurran I wish I could improve my marks If only he would call me

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. I had four slices of pizza at the party last night. I wish I hadn’t eaten (not eat) so much. …………… 2. Mike’s dream is to become a professional singer. He wishes his would send (send) him to singing lessons. parents …………… 3. I like these jeans but they’re really expensive. I wish I had …………… (have) more money. 4. Alex moved away and we haven’t got his number. If only we had asked (ask) him for it before he left. …………… would talk 5. You’re disturbing me. I wish you …………… (talk) more quietly.

Compete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Everyone is always telling you about foods that make you clever. How many have done times have you heard that you (1) would …………… (do) better in your last exam if you had eaten a good breakfast before it? But has anyone ever spent (spend) told you that your marks would improve if you (2) …………… more time talking to your friends? It might sound strange, but it’s true! Think of your brain as a muscle. Like any muscle, it won’t stay / doesn’t stay (3) ………………………… (not stay) in shape unless you exercise it. It turns out that if you really want to give your brain a good workout, you (4) ………………… (should socialise) with your friends every day! should socialise Scientists tested thousands of people and they discovered that people who spent a lot of time talking to family and friends on the phone usually received (5) …………… (usually receive) higher marks than people who didn’t socialise. The scientists concluded that if children developed good social skills, they would perform (perform) well in academic subjects, and their brains (6) …………… would be (7) …………… (be) sharp even when they were old. That doesn’t mean won’t become that if you spend a lot of time alone as a child, you (8) …………… (not become) a doctor or lawyer when you grow up. But it does prove what most teenagers already know: socialising isn’t just for fun – it’s a survival skill!