CONDITIONAL SENTENCES C U IU KIN 1 Type

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: (C U ĐIỀU KIỆN) 1. Type 1: (Real condition) điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. If clause Main clause (+) S + V/ Vs(es) S + will/ can/ may + V (-) + (don’t/doesn’t + V) S + won’t/ can’t + V (? ). . . . . Will/ Can/ May + S + V. . . ? To be → am/ is/ are

• Examples: 1. If it rains well, the farmers will get good crops. 2. You can use my telephone if you need. 3. Come to visit me if you have free time. 4. You must work hard if you want to earn a lot of money. 5. Don't smoke cigarettes unless you want to be healthy.

2. Type 2: (Unreal condition in the present) điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại If clause Main clause (+) S + V-ed / V 2 S + would / could / + V (-) S + didn’t + V S + wouldn’t/ couldn’t + V (? ). . . . Would/ Could + S + V. . . ? To be: were / weren’t Examples: 1. If I were you, I would learn English very hard. 2. He could save his money if he didn’t play cards today.

3. Type 3: (Unreal condition in the past) điều kiện không có thật ở qúa khứ If clause Main clause (+) S + had + P 2 S + would / could + have + P 2 (-) S + hadn’t + P 2 S + wouldn’t/couldn’t + have + P 2 (? ). . . . Would/ Could + S + have + P 2. . . ? Examples: 1. If I had known that you were in hospital, I would have visited you. 2. She would have written to you if she had your address.

Note: 1. Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo ngữ. + If I were rich, I would help you. = Were I rich, I would help you. + If I had known her, I would have made friend with her. = Had I known her, I would have made friend with her.

2. Đổi từ “if” sang “unless”: IF UNLESS Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định hoặc khẳng định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi) Ex: +)If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster. had more rain, our crops wouldn’t grow faster. Unlesswe. . . . . +)If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam. works harder, she will fail the exam. Unless she. . . . .

3. Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause - If you don’t + V 1, Clause - If you aren’t + …, Clause Ex: 1. Be careful or you will cut yourself. you aren’t careful, you will cut yourself. If. . . . . . 2. Go away or I will call the police. you don’t go away, I will call the police. If. . . . . .

4. Rewrite the sentence without changing its meaning. (Viết lại câu ở dạng câu điều kiện) +) Tình huống ở hiện tại → câu điều kiện loại 2 +) Tình huống ở quá khứ → câu điều kiện loại 3 (Chú ý thể phải ngược nhau) mệnh đề sau because: mệnh đề điều kiện so và that’s why : mệnh đề chính +) John is fat because he eats so many chips. didn’t eat so many chips, he wouldn’t be fat If John. . . . . +) They didn’t have enough time yesterday, so they couldn’t do me a favour. they had enough time, they could have done If. . . . . me a favour.

Further example: understood 1. Henry would talk to his dog if it _______ (understand) him. will give 2. If I finish the dress before Saturday, I _____ (give) it to my sister for her birthday. 3. He would give you the money if he ______ had (have it). 4. She would call you immediately if she _____ needed (need) help.

1. We don’t go on the trip because the weather is bad. weren’t bad, we wouldn’t go on the trip. → If the weather. . . . 2. It rained yesterday, so we didn’t play soccer. hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have played soccer → If it. . . . . 3. If I had known she was sick, I would have visited her → Had. . . . . I known she was sick, I would have visited her 4. Get a visa or you can’t visit the United State don’t get a visa, you can’t visit the United State → If you. . . . . 5. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train. Unless. . . . . you go right now or you’ll be late for the train. 6. If I were a rich kid, I would not have to worry about anything. Were. . . . . . I a rich kid, I would not have to worry about anything. 7. If they weren’t absent now, they would meet the head master. Unless. . . . . they were absent now, they would meet the head master.

B. Exercises: I. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence. 1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house. A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't 2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work. A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be 3. If I _____, I would express my feelings. A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked 4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded. A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did

5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary? A. stole B. have stolen B. were to steal D. steal 6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her. A. would have been / hadn't lied B. would be / didn't lie C. will be / don't lie D. would be / hadn't lied 7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business. A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. Invests 8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we ___ her to. A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise

9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down. A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed 10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down. A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb 11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night A. had known / could have phoned B. knew / would have phoned C. know / can phone D. knew / could phone 12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him. A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell

13. If you press that button what _____? A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen 15. I am very thin. I think, if I ____ smoking, I might get fat. A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped 16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them. A. had discovered / would inform B. had discovered / would have informed C. had discovered / could inform D. discovered / can inform 17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ____ a certificate last year. A. go / gave B. go / give C. had gone / would have given D. went / would give

18. I think he is not at home. If he ____ in, he __ the phone. A. was / answered B. were / would answer C. were / would have answered D. had been / would have answered 19. If I _____ in London now, I could visit British Museum. A. were B. had been C. have been . would be 20. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _______ more good-looking. A. will be B. would be B. C. would have been D. can be 21. If your hair ____ grey now, what ___ you _______? A. went / would / do B. goes / would /do C. had gone / would/do D. had gone/would have/ done

24. If I ____ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children. A. am B. have been C. were D. had been 25. Were I to become president, my first act _____ to help the poor A. would be B. will be C. is D. were

II. Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting. do 1. What do you do if you won the first prize of the lottery? have 2. Would people be able to fly, if they have feathers instead of hair? he hasn’t 3. George now wishes he hasn’t broken hisencouragement with Marian wouldn’t 4. I would do it if I could, but I can’t so I wouldn’t even try would 5. If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water, it would float to the top wouldn’t break 6. If Peter had been more careful, he wouldn’t break the camera I lent him hasn’t been 7. Roger wouldn’t have made such a lot of mistakes if he hasn’t been so tired could built 8. How nice it would be for our parents if we could built the house have able 9. He wouldn’t have able to pass the test if his English hadn’t been good enough have 10. If you have a choice, which country would you visit?

11. My father gave me a watch for my birthday, but I wish he has given me laptop instead am 12. I shouldn’t go there at night if I am you. had send 13. If she had send a telegram, we would have received it by now. wouldn’t have order 14. They wouldn’t have order more books if they had noticed that the sales were falling. could have 15. I would have called you if I could have known your number

IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to indicate a sentence which has the same meaning with the original one. 1. If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife. A. Unless you are careful, you will cut yourself with that knife. B. If you are careful, you will cut yourself with that knife. C. Unless you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife. D. Unless you were careful, you will cut yourself with that knife. 2. Because he doesn’t leave immediately, I call a policeman. A. If he left immediately, I wouldn’t call a policeman. B. If he leaves immediately, I won’t call a policeman. C. Unless he leaves immediately, I will call a policeman. D. Unless he leaves immediately, I won’t call a policeman. 3. Today isn’t Sunday, so the pupils can’t go swimming. A. If today is Sunday, the pupils could go swimming. B. The pupils could go swimming unless today is Sunday. C. The pupils could not go swimming if today isn’t Sunday. D. If today were Sunday, the pupils could go swimming.

4. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson. A. If you don’t stop talking, you won’t understand the lesson. B. If you don’t stop talking, you wouldn’t understand the lesson. C. If you hadn’t stopped talking, you wouldn’t understand the lesson. D. If you hadn’t stopped talking, you wouldn’t have understood the lesson. 5. If the homework is difficult, I will ask you for help. A. Unless the homework is easy, I will ask you for help. B. Unless the homework is difficult, I will ask you for help. C. Unless the homework is easy, I won’t ask you for help. D. Unless the homework isn’t difficult, I won’t ask you for help.

V. Fill in the blanks: 1. If it had not rained, we (go)___________ camping. would have gone 2. If he (speak)________ __ more slowly, I could have had spoken understood him. 3. What _______ you (do)______ if you were a would do monkey? 4. If he had listened carefully, he (perform) __________ would have performed well in his examination. 5. If I find your book, I (give)________ it to you. will give 6. If you came with us, you (have)________ a good time. would have 7. If I (not/miss)________ the bus, I could have come early. hadn’t missed 8. If I took a trip this summer, I (go)________ to Da Lat. would go 9. If he (not/steal)______ the wallet, he (not/be)______ wouldnn’t be didn’t steal in prison now. 10. If they (invite)_____ __ yesterday, It (be)________ would be had invited a good day tomorrow.

11. We (go)______ swimming if it (be)_______ a good will go is day tomorrow. 12. If the weather (be)______ nice last day, I (go)_____ would go were for a walk. 13. My dog always barks if he (hear)________ anything hears unusual. 14. If he (not/ do)_______ come soon, I'm not going to wait. doesn’t go 15. If the phone (ring)________, can you answer it? rings 16. If it rains this evening, I (not/will)_________ go out. won’t go 17. If she (come)_______, she will she a surprise. comes 18. If we had enough money, we (buy)_________ that would have bought house.

VI. Use “Unless”instead of “if” 1. The crops would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher the flood had risen higher, the crops wouldn’t →Unless…………………………… have been ruined 2. If you had not sneezed, he would have known that we were there. you had sneezed, he would have known that we →Unless………………………… were there. 3. If she did her hair differently, she would look quit nice. she did her hair differently, she wouldn’t look quit →Unless…………………………… nice. 4. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game. John had played for our football team, we would →Unless……………………. . . . . have lost the game.

5. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t give up →Unless………………………… my job 6. If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife. you are careful, you will cut yourself with that →Unless……………………. . . . . knife. 7. If you do not like this one , I’ll bring you another you like this one , I’ll bring you another →Unless…………………………… 8. I’ll not be able to do any work if I do not have a quiet room. I have a quiet room, I’ll not be able to do any work. →Unless………………………. . . 9. If she does not hurry, she will be late. she hurries, she will be late. →Unless…………………………… 10. If we had more rain, our crops would be better. →Unless…………………………… we had more rain, our crops wouldn’t be better.

VII. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the sentence before it 1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there. live in London if she knew someone there. →She’d ………………………… 2. I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there →I’d …………………………… live in the country if I could find a job there 3. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert had a spare ticket. I could take you to the concert →If I ………………. . . . . ………. . . 4. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow. →If the children ……………. . . . ………………. . hadn’t forgot to water them, they would grow.

5. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution understood the problem, they would find a solution →If they ………………………. . . . 6. He sits around too much. He isn’t fit. didn’t sit around too much, he would be fit →If he …………………. . . . …… 7. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying. →If Carol ……………. . . . … hadn’t been studying, she would have answered the phone 8. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night. →Rita ……………………. . . . … wouldn’t be exhausted today if she had got any sleep last night. 9. She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much. weren’t very thin, she wouldn’t feel cold so much. →If she ……………………. . . .

10. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart didn’t polish his shoes, he would look smart →If he ………………………. . 11. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car. could park near his office, he would come by car. →If he…………. . . . . ……. . 61. My house is guarded by two big dogs. That’s the only reason it isn’t broken into every night. weren’t guarded by two big dogs, it would be →If my house ………. . . ……………… broken into every night. 62. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone. →If the flats …. . ………………. . . . . were clearly numbered, it wouldn’t be very difficult to find anyone. 14. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you →If I ……………………. . . . ……. knew her e-mail address, I could tell you

15. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children →If she ……………………. . . . didn’t work in the evening, she would have time to play with her children 16. I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened. →They ……. . ………………………. . would be upset if I told them what happened. 17. I am not tall enough to join the basketball team were tall enough, I would join the basketball team →If I ………. . . ……………………… 18. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car →If he …………………………. saw the signal, he would stop his car 19. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well prepared his lessons well, he would get bad marks If Peter ………………………

20. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car. had enough money, she could buy a new car. →If Mary ……………………… 21. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train. →If you…………………. don’t go right now, you’ll be late for the train. 22. He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough qualifications. had enough qualifications, he would apply for →If he …………………………. the job. 23. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam. →If we ………………………… don’t hurry up, we will be late for the exam. 24. They do not understand you because you do not often talk to them. →If you ……………………… often talked to them, they would understand you.

25. Because you speak English unnaturally, they do not understand you. didn’t speak English unnaturally, they would →If you ………………………… understand you. 26. She got bad marks because she didn’t learn hard. she had learned hard, She wouldn’t have got bad marks →If ……………………… 27. Be careful or you will make accidents. you aren’t careful, you will make accidents. →If ………………. . . ……………… 28. I got lost because I forgot the map. →If …………. . . . …………… I hadn’t forgot the map, I wouldn’t have got lost 29. If anyone didn’t come, we would phone you at once. → Unless ………………………… anyone came, we would phone you at once. 30. They were very angry because their friends didn’t come on time their friends had come on time, they woudn’t have → If ……………………… been very angry

Homeworks - Do execise and prepare next time