Concepts to be covered Anonymity Confidentiality Debriefing Informed

Concepts to be covered • • Anonymity Confidentiality Debriefing Informed consent Plagiarism Social relevance (of research) Disclosure clause

ETHICS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH HENK VAN DER KOLK

AIM Presenting a structure to classify ethical rules, dilemma’s and conflicts when doing empirical research.

WHAT IS RESEARCH ETHICS? Systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct in social science research. Normative. However, based on empirical study of (un)ethical research behavior.

STRUCTURE I. Units II. Principal Researche r R IV. Society III. Other researchers

I. UNITS OF OBSERVATION A. No Harm to Research Objects Anonymity: researcher does not know who the units are (cannot reveal their names). Confidentiality: the identity of people is known, but is hidden by the researcher.

I. UNITS OF OBSERVATION B. Informed consent Using informed consent forms (Fully) informed consent often impossible (behavioral experiments): deception, debriefing.

II. PRINCIPAL Quality research and not overstretching claims Sponsor non-disclosure Confidentiality of results

III. OTHER RESEARCHERS Plagiarism: presenting another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work -> Referencing Data fabrication.

III. OTHER RESEARCHERS Transparency and replicability. Data storage, storage of all files. Giving access to all these files.

III. OTHER RESEARCHERS Peer review - Research proposals - Concepts of papers -> anonymity.

IV. SOCIETY AT LARGE Relevance of research No harm to society (? )

SOME ETHICAL CONFLICTS AND DILEMMA’S Harm to units vs. Relevance for society at large I. Units III. Other researchers II. Principal Interests of the principal vs. Relevance for society at large No harm to units vs. transparency of research Transparency of Research vs. Interests of the Principal IV. Society

THE ORGANIZATION OF RESEARCH ETHICS § Review boards (Ethics committees) § Disclosure of competing interests § Professional standards § Company (organization) standards § Complaints procedures

ETHICS IN RESEARCH HENK VAN DER KOLK

To tell: no slide A structure to classify dilemma’s and ethical conflicts when doing empirical research. (since the choices are often about ‘conflicting interests’, solving ethical issues is not always easy).

Class assignments Assignment: Classifying and discussing ethical controversies and asking for reasons why … • Tearoom • Milgram