CONCEPTS OF HEALTH DISEASE AND HISTORY OF DISEASE

CONCEPTS OF HEALTH – DISEASE AND HISTORY OF DISEASE

sudarmaji • • 0878 5271 6288 0857 3079 7888 0813 3030 3279 darmaji sudarmaji janopari@yahoo. com janokopari@gmail. com sudarmaji_fkm_ua@yahoo. com

AGENT – HOST ENVIRONMENT INFECTION DISEASE DEPEND UPON FACTORS – CONTACT BETWEEN INFECTIOUS AGENT AND A SUSCEPTIBLE PERSON KNOWN AS THE HOST. THE DURATION AND EXTENT OF ITS EXCRETION FROM AN INFECTED PERSON. THE CLIMATIC CONDITION AFFECTING SURVIVAL OF THE AGENT.

RELATIONSHIP AMONG INFECTIOUS AGENTS OF DISEASE , THE HUMAN HOST AND HIS ENVIRONMENT ALSO EXIST AMONG NON INFECTIOUS ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS - HOST - ENVIRONMENT For example: CANCER Maybe depend apon the extent of EXPOSURE to the CARCINOGENIC AGENT , the dose of the agent, the genetic and the environment.

CLASSIFICATION OF AGENTS, HOST AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR AGENTS OF DISEASE AS EXAMPLE Etiological Factors 1. Nutritive elements Excesses -------- Cholesterol Deficiencies -------- Vitamins, Proteins 2. Chemical agents Poisons -------- CO gas, CCl 4, Drugs Allergens -------- Regweed, Medication 3. Physical agents ------------------ Ionizing radiation 4. Infectious agents Bacteria ------- Typhoid, TBC. Parasite ------- Hookworm Virus ------- Hepatitis A, Mumps

HOSTS FACTOR (INTRINSIC FACTORS) – INFLUENCE EXPOSURE , SUSCEPTABILITY OR RESPONSE TO AGENTS Example 1. Genetic Sickle cell disease 2. Physiologic State Fatique, Fregnancy, Stress. 3. Human Behavcior Personal hygiene Food handling Diet Recreation Utilization of Health Resources

ENVIRONMENT FACTOR (EXTRINSIC FACTORS) 1. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT - Infectious agent of disease - Reservoir of infection (animal) - Vector which transmit disease (flies and mosquito) - Plants and animals (food )

ENVIRONMENT FACTOR (EXTRINSIC FACTORS) 2. SOSIAL ENVIRONMENT - Economic - Political organization - Culture - Community

ENVIRONMENT FACTOR (EXTRINSIC FACTORS) 3. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT - Heat - Light - Air - Water - Radiation - Gravity - Atmospheric pressure - Chemical agents of all kinds

INTERRELATION OF FACTORS) (ECOLOGIC MODELS) THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIANGLE HOST AGENT ENVIRONMENT

WHEEL MODELS OF MAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION HOST Genetic core Physical Environment Social Environment BIOLOGI ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR (EXTRINSIC FACTORS) – INFLUENCE EXISTENCE OF THE AGENTS , EXPOSURE OR SUSCEPTABILITY TO AGENTS Example 1. Physical environment Geology , Climate 2. Biologic environment Human population Flora Fauna Density Source of food Food sources, Vector 3. Sosioeconomic Environment occupation Urbanization Exposure to chemical agents Urban crowding

CAUSATION OF DISEASES GENETIC FACTORS GOOD HEALTH POOR HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (INCLUDING BEHAVIOURS)

NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE DEATH GOOD HEALTH SUBCLINICAL CHANGES RECOVERY

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE 1. Dynamics of Spread through Human Population Sample A. Spread by “common vehicle “ -INGESTION WITH: WATER-FOOD-BEVERAGE -INHALATION IN AIR BREATHED -INOCULATION (INTRAVENOUS-SUBCUTANEOUS) Salmonella Flu Hepatitis B B. Propagation by serial transfer From HOST to HOST. -RESPIRATORY ROUTE OF TRANSFER -ANAL-ORAL ROUTE Measles Shigellosis

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE 2. Portal of Entry (and Portal of Exit) Samples in Human Host -Upper Respiratory Tract Diphtheria -Lower Respiratory Tract -Gastrointestinal Tract -Genitourinary Tract -Conjunctiva -Percutaneous (bite of arthropod) Tuberculosis Typhoid fever Gonorrhea Trachoma Leprospirosis Yellow fever

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE 3. Principal Reservoir of Infection Samples -Man Infectious hepatitis -Other vertebrates (zoonoses) -Agent free living Tularemia Histoplasmosis

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE 4. Cycles of Infections Agent in Nature Samples -Man – man -Man – arthropod – man -Vertebrate-vertebrate-man -Vertebrate-artropod-vertebrate-man Inluenza Malaria Psitacosis Viral ence phalitis

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE 5. Complex Cycles Samples In certain helminth infections Paragonimiasis The cycle is as follow: Ovum – miracidium – cercaria – adult – ovum ( in snail ) (in crab, (in man) crayfish)

NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE

STATE NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE STAGE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY PRESYMPTOMATIC DISEASE 3. CLINICAL DISEASE 4. DISABILITY 1. 2.

STATE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY RELATION BETWEEN : HOST – AGENT – ENVIRONMENT 2. RISK FACTOR: HOST (fatique) ALCOHOL PNEMONIA OBESITAS SMOKING CORONAIR HD. SUSCEPTIBILITY, RELATED TO: AGE-SEX-LIFE STYLE-CULTURE-ETC 1.

STATE OF PRESYMPTOMATIC DISEASE 1. 2. 3. DISEASE NOT CLEAR PATHOLOGIC DISORDER IS CLEAR DISORDER STILL UNDER CLINICAL HORISON LINE. ( THE BORDERS OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND PATHOLO GICAL CONDITION) Eq. Atherosclerotic (+) before SUDDEN DEATH

STATE OF CLINICAL DISEASE 1. 2. 3. CHANGES OF ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OF ORGANS SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES (+) DISEASE CAN CLASIFIED ACCOEDING TO : LOCATION HISTOLOGICAL PSYCHOSOSIAL

STATE OF DISABILITY DISEASE CURE DISABLE DEATH Eq. VIRUS DISEASE SELF LIMITING DISEASE. COMPLICATION (ENCHEPHALITIS) HT STROKE HEMIPLEGIA.