Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning 2 nd Edition
![Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning 2 nd Edition Chapter 7 Process Modeling, Process Improvement, Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning 2 nd Edition Chapter 7 Process Modeling, Process Improvement,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-1.jpg)
![Chapter Objectives • Use basic flowcharting techniques to map a business process • Develop Chapter Objectives • Use basic flowcharting techniques to map a business process • Develop](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-2.jpg)
![Process Modeling • Business processes are complex, and require people with various skills and Process Modeling • Business processes are complex, and require people with various skills and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-3.jpg)
![Flowcharting process models • Flowcharts are the simplest process models • Originated with computer Flowcharting process models • Flowcharts are the simplest process models • Originated with computer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-4.jpg)
![Figure 7. 1 Basic flowcharting symbols Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 5 Figure 7. 1 Basic flowcharting symbols Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 5](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-5.jpg)
![Fitter Snacker Expense Report Process • Defining the process boundaries is important to make Fitter Snacker Expense Report Process • Defining the process boundaries is important to make](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-6.jpg)
![Figure 7. 2 Partial process map for Fitter Snacker expense reporting process Concepts in Figure 7. 2 Partial process map for Fitter Snacker expense reporting process Concepts in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-7.jpg)
![Extensions of Process Mapping • Hierarchical Modeling is a process of describing processes in Extensions of Process Mapping • Hierarchical Modeling is a process of describing processes in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-8.jpg)
![Figure 7. 3 Hierarchical modeling Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 9 Figure 7. 3 Hierarchical modeling Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 9](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-9.jpg)
![Sales Person Sales Manager AP Clerk Auditor Figure 7. 4 Deployment, or swimlane, flowcharting Sales Person Sales Manager AP Clerk Auditor Figure 7. 4 Deployment, or swimlane, flowcharting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-10.jpg)
![Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • The EPC format uses only two symbols • Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • The EPC format uses only two symbols •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-11.jpg)
![Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • Events represent a state or status in the Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • Events represent a state or status in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-12.jpg)
![Object Past Participle Event Verb Object Function Figure 7. 5 EPC components Concepts in Object Past Participle Event Verb Object Function Figure 7. 5 EPC components Concepts in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-13.jpg)
![Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • EPC Diagrams follow an event-function-event structure • EPC Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • EPC Diagrams follow an event-function-event structure • EPC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-14.jpg)
![Figure 7. 6 Basic EPC layout Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 15 Figure 7. 6 Basic EPC layout Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 15](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-15.jpg)
![OR connector Figure 7. 7 OR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition OR connector Figure 7. 7 OR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-16.jpg)
![AND connector Figure 7. 8 AND connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition AND connector Figure 7. 8 AND connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-17.jpg)
![XOR connector Figure 7. 9 XOR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition XOR connector Figure 7. 9 XOR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-18.jpg)
![Figure 7. 10 OR connector with two triggering events Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Figure 7. 10 OR connector with two triggering events Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-19.jpg)
![Event Trigger Event Function > Event Function Event Function x Function Event Function > Event Trigger Event Function > Event Function Event Function x Function Event Function >](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-20.jpg)
![Must use same connector to split and consolidate a path Figure 7. 12 Splitting Must use same connector to split and consolidate a path Figure 7. 12 Splitting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-21.jpg)
![Data Elements Organizational Elements Figure 7. 13 EPC diagram with organizational and data elements Data Elements Organizational Elements Figure 7. 13 EPC diagram with organizational and data elements](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-22.jpg)
![Process Improvement • Process mapping tools describe processes in a universally understood format • Process Improvement • Process mapping tools describe processes in a universally understood format •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-23.jpg)
![Process Improvement • The Fitter Snacker expense report process does not provide real value, Process Improvement • The Fitter Snacker expense report process does not provide real value,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-24.jpg)
![Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement* • Are there unnecessary checks and balances? • Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement* • Are there unnecessary checks and balances? •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-25.jpg)
![Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement* • Are there people or agencies involved that Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement* • Are there people or agencies involved that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-26.jpg)
![Concepts to Improve Business Processes* • • • Perform activities in parallel, for example, Concepts to Improve Business Processes* • • • Perform activities in parallel, for example,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-27.jpg)
![Evaluating Process Improvement • Implementing process changes can be: • Challenging • Costly • Evaluating Process Improvement • Implementing process changes can be: • Challenging • Costly •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-28.jpg)
![Another Look—BPI at Nova Chemicals • Nova Chemicals is using Business Process Innovation to Another Look—BPI at Nova Chemicals • Nova Chemicals is using Business Process Innovation to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-29.jpg)
![Another Look—BPI at Nova Chemicals • Wheeler estimates only 10 -15% of an IT Another Look—BPI at Nova Chemicals • Wheeler estimates only 10 -15% of an IT](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-30.jpg)
- Slides: 30
![Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning 2 nd Edition Chapter 7 Process Modeling Process Improvement Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning 2 nd Edition Chapter 7 Process Modeling, Process Improvement,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-1.jpg)
Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning 2 nd Edition Chapter 7 Process Modeling, Process Improvement, and ERP Implementation
![Chapter Objectives Use basic flowcharting techniques to map a business process Develop Chapter Objectives • Use basic flowcharting techniques to map a business process • Develop](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-2.jpg)
Chapter Objectives • Use basic flowcharting techniques to map a business process • Develop an Event Processing Chain (EPC) diagram of a basic business process • Evaluate the value added by each step in a business process • Develop process improvement suggestions • Discuss the key issues in managing an ERP implementation project • Describe some of the key tools used in managing an ERP implementation project Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 2
![Process Modeling Business processes are complex and require people with various skills and Process Modeling • Business processes are complex, and require people with various skills and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-3.jpg)
Process Modeling • Business processes are complex, and require people with various skills and abilities to work in a cooperative fashion • Processes will not be efficient and effective unless: • They are clearly defined • Individuals are adequately trained in their roles • Individuals understand how their roles fit in the overall process • Process Modeling tools like flowcharting or process mapping provide a way to describe business processes so that everyone involved in the process can understand the process Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 3
![Flowcharting process models Flowcharts are the simplest process models Originated with computer Flowcharting process models • Flowcharts are the simplest process models • Originated with computer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-4.jpg)
Flowcharting process models • Flowcharts are the simplest process models • Originated with computer programmers and mathematicians • A flowchart is a clear, graphical representation of a process from beginning to end • Flowcharts have been applied to business processes since the 1960 s • Process mapping is flowcharting applied specifically to an existing business process • A range of symbols can be used, but only 5 graphical elements are needed to map a process Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 4
![Figure 7 1 Basic flowcharting symbols Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning Second Edition 5 Figure 7. 1 Basic flowcharting symbols Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 5](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-5.jpg)
Figure 7. 1 Basic flowcharting symbols Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 5
![Fitter Snacker Expense Report Process Defining the process boundaries is important to make Fitter Snacker Expense Report Process • Defining the process boundaries is important to make](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-6.jpg)
Fitter Snacker Expense Report Process • Defining the process boundaries is important to make the process mapping task manageable and to make sure the efforts are properly focused • For the Fitter Snacker expense report process under consideration, the process begins after all expenses are incurred and ends when the employee receives a refund • The process does not include: • Cash advances or corporate credit card considerations • Reservation process • Preferred airlines or hotels • Rental car policies (type, insurance, fuel) Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 6
![Figure 7 2 Partial process map for Fitter Snacker expense reporting process Concepts in Figure 7. 2 Partial process map for Fitter Snacker expense reporting process Concepts in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-7.jpg)
Figure 7. 2 Partial process map for Fitter Snacker expense reporting process Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 7
![Extensions of Process Mapping Hierarchical Modeling is a process of describing processes in Extensions of Process Mapping • Hierarchical Modeling is a process of describing processes in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-8.jpg)
Extensions of Process Mapping • Hierarchical Modeling is a process of describing processes in greater or lesser detail • With complicated processes, it is frequently desirable to start with a general description of the process, then define different steps in more detail • Deployment flowcharting or swimlane flowcharts are useful in clearly displaying the people or organizations responsible for tasks in the process Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 8
![Figure 7 3 Hierarchical modeling Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning Second Edition 9 Figure 7. 3 Hierarchical modeling Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 9](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-9.jpg)
Figure 7. 3 Hierarchical modeling Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 9
![Sales Person Sales Manager AP Clerk Auditor Figure 7 4 Deployment or swimlane flowcharting Sales Person Sales Manager AP Clerk Auditor Figure 7. 4 Deployment, or swimlane, flowcharting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-10.jpg)
Sales Person Sales Manager AP Clerk Auditor Figure 7. 4 Deployment, or swimlane, flowcharting Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 10
![Event Process Chain EPC Diagrams The EPC format uses only two symbols Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • The EPC format uses only two symbols •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-11.jpg)
Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • The EPC format uses only two symbols • Events • Functions • SAP has developed EPC representations for many of the business processes its software supports • The EPC modeling technique is available in the IDS/Scheer ARIS Toolset • ARIS: Architecture of Integrated Information System Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 11
![Event Process Chain EPC Diagrams Events represent a state or status in the Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • Events represent a state or status in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-12.jpg)
Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • Events represent a state or status in the process • Events are named using Object Past Participle Object Expense report Hard copy Past Participle Incurred Approved Filed • Functions represent where change occurs in the process • Functions are named using Verb Object Prepare Review Mail Past Participle Expense report Refund check Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 12
![Object Past Participle Event Verb Object Function Figure 7 5 EPC components Concepts in Object Past Participle Event Verb Object Function Figure 7. 5 EPC components Concepts in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-13.jpg)
Object Past Participle Event Verb Object Function Figure 7. 5 EPC components Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 13
![Event Process Chain EPC Diagrams EPC Diagrams follow an eventfunctionevent structure EPC Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • EPC Diagrams follow an event-function-event structure • EPC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-14.jpg)
Event Process Chain (EPC) Diagrams • EPC Diagrams follow an event-function-event structure • EPC Diagrams must begin and end with events • Branching is done with three types of connectors: • AND • OR • XOR (exclusive OR) Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 14
![Figure 7 6 Basic EPC layout Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning Second Edition 15 Figure 7. 6 Basic EPC layout Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 15](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-15.jpg)
Figure 7. 6 Basic EPC layout Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 15
![OR connector Figure 7 7 OR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning Second Edition OR connector Figure 7. 7 OR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-16.jpg)
OR connector Figure 7. 7 OR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 16
![AND connector Figure 7 8 AND connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning Second Edition AND connector Figure 7. 8 AND connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-17.jpg)
AND connector Figure 7. 8 AND connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 17
![XOR connector Figure 7 9 XOR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning Second Edition XOR connector Figure 7. 9 XOR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-18.jpg)
XOR connector Figure 7. 9 XOR connector Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 18
![Figure 7 10 OR connector with two triggering events Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning Figure 7. 10 OR connector with two triggering events Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-19.jpg)
Figure 7. 10 OR connector with two triggering events Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 19
![Event Trigger Event Function Event Function Event Function x Function Event Function Event Trigger Event Function > Event Function Event Function x Function Event Function >](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-20.jpg)
Event Trigger Event Function > Event Function Event Function x Function Event Function > Not Allowed Event > XOR Not Allowed Function > OR Function > > Function Event Function x AND Event > Event Multiple Function x Single Function Trigger Single Multiple Event Figure 7. 11 Possible connector and triggering combinations Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 20
![Must use same connector to split and consolidate a path Figure 7 12 Splitting Must use same connector to split and consolidate a path Figure 7. 12 Splitting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-21.jpg)
Must use same connector to split and consolidate a path Figure 7. 12 Splitting and consolidating process paths Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 21
![Data Elements Organizational Elements Figure 7 13 EPC diagram with organizational and data elements Data Elements Organizational Elements Figure 7. 13 EPC diagram with organizational and data elements](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-22.jpg)
Data Elements Organizational Elements Figure 7. 13 EPC diagram with organizational and data elements Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 22
![Process Improvement Process mapping tools describe processes in a universally understood format Process Improvement • Process mapping tools describe processes in a universally understood format •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-23.jpg)
Process Improvement • Process mapping tools describe processes in a universally understood format • Task of completing a process map requires a team of key personnel and frequently uncovers process improvement opportunities • Value Analysis is a technique that evaluates the value added by each activity in the process • Activities can added: • Real value: something the customer will pay for • Business value: helps the company run its business • No value: an activity that should be eliminated Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 23
![Process Improvement The Fitter Snacker expense report process does not provide real value Process Improvement • The Fitter Snacker expense report process does not provide real value,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-24.jpg)
Process Improvement • The Fitter Snacker expense report process does not provide real value, because customers would not pay for this activity if given a choice • The process does provide business value, as employees should be compensated fairly for their expenses and fraud should be avoided • Costs for this process should be minimized • Activities should be evaluated by cost and elapsed time Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 24
![Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement Are there unnecessary checks and balances Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement* • Are there unnecessary checks and balances? •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-25.jpg)
Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement* • Are there unnecessary checks and balances? • Does the activity inspect or approve someone else’s work? • Does it require more than one signature? • Are multiple copies required? • Are copies stored for no apparent reason? • Are copies sent to people who do not need the information? • Is there unnecessary written correspondence? *H. James Harrington, Business Process Improvement Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 25
![Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement Are there people or agencies involved that Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement* • Are there people or agencies involved that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-26.jpg)
Questions to Identify Areas for Improvement* • Are there people or agencies involved that impede the effectiveness and efficiency of the process? • Do existing organizational procedures regularly impede the efficient, effective and timely performance of duties? • Is someone approving something they already approved (for example, approving capital expenditures that were approved as part of a budget)? • Is the same information being collected at more than one time or location? Are duplicate databases being maintained? *H. James Harrington, Business Process Improvement Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 26
![Concepts to Improve Business Processes Perform activities in parallel for example Concepts to Improve Business Processes* • • • Perform activities in parallel, for example,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-27.jpg)
Concepts to Improve Business Processes* • • • Perform activities in parallel, for example, approvals Change the sequence of activities Reduce interruptions Avoid duplication or fragmentation of tasks Avoid complex flows and bottlenecks Combine similar activities Reduce the amount of handling Eliminate unused data Eliminate copies *H. James Harrington, Business Process Improvement Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 27
![Evaluating Process Improvement Implementing process changes can be Challenging Costly Evaluating Process Improvement • Implementing process changes can be: • Challenging • Costly •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-28.jpg)
Evaluating Process Improvement • Implementing process changes can be: • Challenging • Costly • Time consuming • Risky • Dynamic process modeling can be used to evaluate process changes before they are implemented • Dynamic process modeling uses computer simulation to evaluate the impact of process changes on performance measures like cycle time and cost Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 28
![Another LookBPI at Nova Chemicals Nova Chemicals is using Business Process Innovation to Another Look—BPI at Nova Chemicals • Nova Chemicals is using Business Process Innovation to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-29.jpg)
Another Look—BPI at Nova Chemicals • Nova Chemicals is using Business Process Innovation to move from a function-oriented company to a processoriented company • According to John Wheeler, CIO “Business process innovation is the process of improving processes. BPI is based on understanding the way you work. Once you understand the way you work, you can begin to improve the way you work. ” • Nova has used IDS/Scheer’s ARIS Toolset to document its business processes • Tool requires structure and discipline to use, but allows companies to understand all of their processes, not just the workflow Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 29
![Another LookBPI at Nova Chemicals Wheeler estimates only 10 15 of an IT Another Look—BPI at Nova Chemicals • Wheeler estimates only 10 -15% of an IT](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2b56dc7b01b4cd5e1d4388cf901bce7a/image-30.jpg)
Another Look—BPI at Nova Chemicals • Wheeler estimates only 10 -15% of an IT project’s cost is spent on technology and 30 -40% is spent on understanding the current process • Wheeler sees BPI as just the next step in the evolution of process improvement methods: • Quality circles • Continuous improvement • Business process reengineering • BPI • Innovations in methods and techniques can keep innovation fresh and new. BPI is a process, which can itself be improved Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 30
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